Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ: An Update on Pro-inflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Microenvironment

Smitka, Kvido; Maresŏvá, D

doi:10.14712/23362936.2015.49

Cited by 143 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 178 publications

(164 reference statements)

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“…This mechanism of fat storage is dependent on increased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity within visceral fat [4], and acts as a feed-forward loop to augment the accumulation of abdominal fat [108] characteristic of obesity [4]. This glucocorticoid-induced increase in body fat also results in the augmented secretion of adipokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), from adipocytes that are involved in the development of insulin resistance [109]. …”

Section: Possible Mechanisms By Which Stress Exposure Alters E2’s Actmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-induced alterations in estradiol sensitivity increase risk for obesity in women

Michopoulos

2016

Physiology & Behavior

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The prevalence of obesity in the United States continues to rise, increasing individual vulnerability to an array of adverse health outcomes. One factor that has been implicated causally in the increased accumulation of fat and excess food intake is the activity of the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (LHPA) axis in the face of relentless stressor exposure. However, translational and clinical research continues to understudy the effects sex and gonadal hormones and LHPA axis dysfunction in the etiology of obesity even though women continue to be at greater risk than men for stress-induced disorders, including depression, emotional feeding and obesity. The current review will emphasize the need for sex-specific evaluation of the relationship between stress exposure and LHPA axis activity on individual risk for obesity by summarizing data generated by animal models currently being leveraged to determine the etiology of stress-induced alterations in feeding behavior and metabolism. There exists a clear lack of translational models that have been used to study female-specific risk. One translational model of psychosocial stress exposure that has proven fruitful in elucidating potential mechanisms by which females are at increased risk for stress-induced adverse health outcomes is that of social subordination in socially housed female macaque monkeys. Data from subordinate female monkeys suggest that increased risk for emotional eating and the development of obesity in females may be due to LHPA axis-induced changes in the behavioral and physiological sensitivity of estradiol. The lack in understanding of the mechanisms underlying these alterations necessitate the need to account for the effects of sex and gonadal hormones in the rationale, design, implementation, analysis and interpretation of results in our studies of stress axis function in obesity. Doing so may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets with which to combat stress-induced obesity exclusively in females.

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Section: Possible Mechanisms By Which Stress Exposure Alters E2’s Actmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-induced alterations in estradiol sensitivity increase risk for obesity in women

Michopoulos

2016

Physiology & Behavior

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“…In general, adipose tissue (AT) is considered a passive reservoir for energy storage that also functions in mechanical and heat insulation or participates in the regulation of thermogenesis. However, recently, it is recognized that AT synthesizes and secretes a variety of bioactive peptides, known as "adipokines," which participate in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, feeding behavior, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, immunity, adipogenesis and vascular function or coagulation [2]. Several studies have examined the role of dysfunctional adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: An integrated analysis of microRNAs involved in fat deposition in different pig breeds

Zhang¹,

Huang²,

Guo³

et al. 2017

Oncotarget

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The domestic pig, an important species in the animal production industry, is also a model system for studying fat deposition and fat-associated diseases in humans. In order to investigate the genetic relationships of the miRNAs that may regulate fat deposition, we performed a genome-wide analysis of miRNAs derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue of Laiwu and Large White pig using RNA-seq. A total of 26,486,906 reads were obtained. Further analysis indicated that 39 known miRNAs and 56 novel miRNAs had significantly differential expression between the two breeds of pigs. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the predicted targets of these differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in several fat-associated pathways, such as the PPAR, MAPK and Wnt signaling pathways. In addition, we found that three miRNAs, ssc-miR-133a-3p, ssc-miR-486 and ssc-miR-1, had an impact on the development of porcine subcutaneous fat through the PPAR signaling pathway. This study provides clues to understand the potential mechanisms of adipogenesis and fat deposition between two different pig breeds. Furthermore, these results may also contribute to the research involving human obesity.

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“…ФНОа оказывает прямое тормозящее воздействие на секрецию тиреоидных гормонов и дейодиназную активность в щитовид-ной железе [22].…”

Section: оас и ожирениеunclassified

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Impairment in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Горбунова¹,

Бабак²,

Малявин³

2018

Arhivʺ vnutr. med.

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РезюмеС момента, когда впервые была выявлена обструктивная природа апноэ сна, в многолетних исследованиях получено немало новой инфор-мации об этом заболевании. Именно обструктивное апноэ сна (ОАС) признается независимым предиктором развития нарушения толерант-ности к глюкозе (инсулин резистентность (ИР), гипергликемия натощак), сахарного диабета 2 типа (CД2), резистентной артериальной ги-пертензии, преждевременной сердечно-сосудистой смерти. Проблема выявления и лечения пациентов с ОАС не теряет своей актуальности.В реальной клинической практике существует необходимость комплексного подхода к диагностике и терапии коморбидных больных ОАС с метаболическими расстройствами и сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями. Целью настоящего обзора является оценка клинико-патоге-нетических особенностей метаболических нарушений, углеводного обмена, основного обмена, пищевого поведения, колебания веса тела у пациентов с синдромом обструктивного апноэ сна. Методы. В нашей работе мы использовали ретроспективный анализ опубликованных данных клинических исследований отечественных и зарубежных авторов за последние 20 лет. В обзор включались исследования, имею-щие адекватный дизайн с позиций «добросовестной клинической практики» (GCP) и доказательной медицины. Заключение. Согласно со-временной трактовке обструктивное апноэ сна рассматривается как самостоятельное заболевание, имеющее свои патогенетические ме-ханизмы, клинические и функциональные проявления. Выделяют несколько основных причин влияния ОАС на метаболический компонент и работу сердечно-сосудистой системы. Среди них лидируют интермиттирующая гипоксемия, эндотелиальная дисфункция, колебания внутригрудного давления, повышение активности симпатической нервной системы, нарушение структуры сна. ОАС рассматривается как болезнь, способная инвалидизировать пациентов трудоспособного возраста, резко менять качество жизни, приводить к ранней смертности по причине сердечно-сосудистых катастроф. Своевременное выявление клинических симптомов ОАС и стратегия раннего назначения СРАР-терапии существенно улучшают качество лечения и прогноз коморбидных больных. Ключевые слова: обструктивное апноэ сна, углеводный обмен, основной обмен, пищевое поведение, ожирение AbstractSince the moment when the obstructive nature of sleep apnea was first revealed, many new in-formation on this disease have been obtained. Now obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) recognized as an independent predictor of the development of impaired glucose tolerance (insulin resistance, fasting hyperglycaemia), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), resistant arterial hypertension, cardio-vascular death. The problem of identifying and treating patients with OSA is still actual. In real clinical practice, there is a need for an integrated approach to the diagnosis and therapy of comorbid OSA patients with metabolic impairment and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this review is to assess the clinical and pathogenesis features of metabolic impaired, carbohydrate metabolism, basic metabolism, eating behavior, body weight fluctuations in patie...

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Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ: An Update on Pro-inflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Microenvironment

Cited by 143 publications

References 178 publications

Stress-induced alterations in estradiol sensitivity increase risk for obesity in women

Stress-induced alterations in estradiol sensitivity increase risk for obesity in women

WITHDRAWN: An integrated analysis of microRNAs involved in fat deposition in different pig breeds

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Impairment in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea

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