Adipose tissue area is a predictive biomarker for the efficacy of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in platinum‐refractory/resistant ovarian cancer

Abstract

Background Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), an anthracycline agent, is widely used as a treatment option for platinum‐refractory/resistant epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Although only a subset of patients with platinum‐refractory/resistant EOC derive benefit from PLD, predictive biomarkers for patients who will respond to the drug have not yet been established. Here, we evaluated the relationship between adipose tissue status and PLD efficacy in patients with platinum‐refractory/resistant EOC. Methods Patients with platinum‐refractory/resistant EOC who were treated with single‐agent PLD were included in this retrospective cohort study. Adipose tissue areas including visceral adipose tissue area (VATA), subcutaneous adipose tissue area (SATA), and visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio (VSR) were calculated prior to the initiation of PLD using computed tomography images. The associations of adipose tissue areas with objective response rate (ORR) and patient survival were evaluated. Results Forty‐four patients with platinum‐refractory/resistant EOC who received single‐agent PLD were included. Subjects were categorized into high and low groups according to the median VATA, SATA, and VSR values, and body mass index (BMI). The ORR of PLD was significantly lower in the VSR‐high group than in the VSR‐low group (p = 0.0089). Patients in the high VSR group showed significantly shorter progression‐free survival (PFS) compared with patients in the low VSR group (median, 4.0 vs. 8.5 months; p = 0.020). In the multivariable analysis, high VSR was a significant prognostic factor for shorter PFS (hazard ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–4.19; p = 0.035). VATA, SATA, and BMI showed no significant association with ORR and survival of patients who received PLD. Conclusions High VSR is associated with lower ORR and shorter PFS in patients with platinum‐refractory/resistant EOC who received single‐agent PLD. VSR is a robust predictive biomarker for the efficacy of PLD.