Adipose stem cells-released extracellular vesicles as a next-generation cargo delivery vehicles: a survey of minimal information implementation, mass production and functional modification

Abstract

Objectives To investigate current situation of minimal information implementation highlighted by minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018) guidelines, and explore technological advances towards mass production and functional modification in aesthetic, plastic and reconstructive surgery. Methods Original articles on extracellular vesicles (EVs) of adipose stem cells (ASCs) were identified. Statistics upon minimal information for EVs research, such as species, cell types, culture conditions, conditioned media harvesting parameters, EVs isolation/storage/identification/quantification, functional uptake and working concentration, were analyzed. Results The items of cell culture conditions such as passage number, seeding density, conditioned media harvesting time, functional uptake and working concentration were poorly documented, with a reporting percentage of 47.13%, 54.02%, 29.89%, 62.07% and 36.21%, respectively. However, there were some studies not reporting information of ASCs origin, culture medium, serum, EVs isolation methods, quantification and identification of EVs, accounting for 3.45%, 10.34%, 6.90%, 3.45%, 18.39% and 4.02%, respectively. Serum deprivation and trophic factors stimuli were attempted for EVs mass production. Several technological advances towards functional modification included hypoxia pre-condition, engineering EVs and controlled release. Presently, ASCs EVs have been applied in multiple fields, including diabetic/non-diabetic wound healing, angiogenesis, inflammation modulation, fat grafting, hair regeneration, antiaging, and healing and regeneration of cartilage/bone/peripheral nerve/tendon. Conclusion Our results highlight normative reporting of ASCs EVs in functional studies to increase reliability and reproducibility of scientific publications. The advances towards mass production and functional modification of ASCs EVs are also recommended to enhance therapeutic effects.

Emerging role of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and MSCs-derived exosomes in bone- and joint-associated musculoskeletal disorders: a new frontier

“…IL-6-dependent PGE2 secretion by BM-MSCs from C57BL/6 or DBA/1 mice could avert local inflammation in experimental arthritis in vivo [ 56 ]. Another study showed that healthy rat AT-MSCs-derived exosomes ameliorate diabetic osteoporosis in vivo by alleviating NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation [ 57 ]. Negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation hinders the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 in osteoclasts in vitro and leads to restored bone after bone loss in animal models of streptozotocin-induced diabetic osteoporosis in vivo [ 57 ].…”

“…Another study showed that healthy rat AT-MSCs-derived exosomes ameliorate diabetic osteoporosis in vivo by alleviating NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation [ 57 ]. Negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation hinders the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 in osteoclasts in vitro and leads to restored bone after bone loss in animal models of streptozotocin-induced diabetic osteoporosis in vivo [ 57 ]. Interestingly, Gu et al (2016) reports presented that MSCs derived from gingival tissue (GMSCs) could ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice by facilitating the apoptosis of activated T cells through the Fas ligand (FasL)/Fas axis [ 58 ].…”

Stem Cells and Angiogenesis: Implications and Limitations in Enhancing Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing

“…Many studies have also reported enhanced therapeutic efficacy of adipose stem cell released extracellular vesicles and exosomes are being used to enhance wound healing in DFUs [ 61 , 62 , 63 ]; it is imperative to further investigate the strategies to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells and their synergistic or additive effects in a combinational approach to promote angiogenesis and wound healing in chronic non-healing DFUs. In-depth research involving exosomes (EVs) isolated from stem cells is also important because EVs isolated from different types of stem cells may have differential effects on angiogenesis and wound healing as reported by Pomatto et al [ 64 ] that EVs isolated from bone marrow and adipose mesenchymal stem cells have differential therapeutic effects on wound healing and angiogenesis.…”

The role of adipose-derived stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer: Trends and prospects

“…Particularly, EVs derived from adipose tissue-derived stem cells(ADSCs-EVs) can uniquely mediate specific target cells through their bio-active cargos such as microRNAs ( 18 ). The research about ADSCs-EVs has been surging dramatically in the past 5years, mainly in tissue repair field ( 19 , 20 ).…”