Adiponectin oligomers as potential indicators of adipose tissue improvement in obese subjects

Abstract

Objective: Adiponectin is an adipocytokine that exerts beneficial effects on obesity and related disorders by two receptors (ADIPORs). Adiponectin is produced as a monomer that circulates in serum as different oligomers. The oligomerization state and the tissue expression of adiponectin and ADIPORs are linked to its biological activities. In this study, the levels of total adiponectin and its oligomers were evaluated in relation to obesity and surgical weight loss. The expression of adiponectin and ADIPORs was analyzed in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese patients. Design and methods: In 25 obese patients and 44 age-and sex-matched controls, the serum levels of adiponectin and its oligomers were measured and compared by ELISA, western blotting, and gel filtration. The expression of adiponectin and ADIPORs in both adipose tissues was evaluated by realtime quantitative PCR and western blotting. Results: The amount of each adiponectin oligomer, including the monomer, increases after weight loss. The reduced circulating levels of adiponectin and its oligomers are not associated with the adipose tissue depot-specific expression of adiponectin and ADIPORs. Conclusions: Our results suggest that in patients, adiposity is associated with the serum concentrations of adiponectin and its oligomers but not with adipose tissue depot-specific expression of adiponectin and ADIPORs. In particular, the increase in adiponectin monomer levels could probably be related to the improvement of the whole-body energy metabolism then being involved in the improvement of adipose tissue function after weight loss. This work indicates the importance of assessing the whole adiponectin oligomeric profile as further potential indicators of adipose tissue functions in obesity.

Morbidly “Healthy” Obese Are Not Metabolically Healthy but Less Metabolically Imbalanced Than Those with Type 2 Diabetes or Dyslipidemia

“…SAT in animal models [29,30]. In the current study, the mRNA as well as the protein expression of adiponectin and its two receptors did not differ between VAT and SAT in severely obese patients [31].…”

Relationship of adiponectin and its multimers to metabolic indices in cats during weight change

“…At time 0, a bolus of 50% dextrose (0.5 g/kg; Hospira, Lake Forest, IL, USA) was injected intravenously. Blood samples were collected at 2, 3,4,5,6,8,10,12,14,16,19,22,24,25,27,30,40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140, 160, and 180 min. At 20 min after glucose injection, regular human insulin (Humulin R; Lilly, Indianapolis, IN, USA; 0.05 U/kg) was injected via the central catheter.…”

“…Although adiponectin is produced by adipose tissue, in humans, its plasma concentrations decline as body fat mass rises [10]. Adiponectin is closely associated with insulin sensitivity in man, independent of body fat mass, and is an early marker for individuals at risk for type-II diabetes mellitus [11][12][13][14].…”

Untitled

“…In humans, decreased plasma adiponectin levels have been demonstrated in patients with obesity, diabetes, and CHD [43][44][45] . Moreover, the degree of hypoadiponectinemia has been reported to be correlated with the degree of insulin resistance 46,47 , and hypoadiponectinemia has been shown to be closely associated with the clinical phenotype of metabolic syndrome 48,49 . Adiponectin served as an antiinflammatory molecule for vascular walls as well as adipose tissue 50 , hypoadiponectinemia was observed in obesity-linked diseases 43,51 .…”