Adiponectin Multimers and ADIPOQ T45G in Coronary Artery Disease in Caribbean Type 2 Diabetic Subjects of African Descent

Abstract

Ethnic differences may affect the association of adiponectin (Ad) multimers with coronary artery disease (CAD). We analyzed the associations of total Ad, Ad multimers, and T45G polymorphism of ADIPOQ gene with pre‐existing CAD. We carried out a cross‐sectional study of 216 Afro‐Caribbean type 2 diabetic (T2D) subjects. Levels of total Ad, high molecular weight (HMW), middle molecular weight (MMW), and low molecular weight (LMW) isoforms were measured. Subjects were genotyped. Of the subjects studied, 57 had pre‐existing CAD, 77% of whom have had myocardial infarction. Subjects with CAD had lower Ad levels (total and multimers) and a higher frequency carried the minor allele 45G, GG/TG, (18% vs. 8%, P = 0.03) than subjects without CAD. In logistic regression analysis, the models used evaluate Ad in the context of adjustment for metabolic syndrome characteristics. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of CAD was increased significantly (by factors of 1.05–3.27) for males, older subjects, low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), high triglycerides (TGs), and carriers of the 45 G allele. For Ad, in model 1 (including only total Ad) the adjusted OR was 2.30; P = 0.03 and, in model 2 (including the three multimers, but not total Ad), the adjusted ORs were 0.73; P = 0.52 (HMW), 2.90; P = 0.01 (MMW), and 2.08; P = 0.09 (LMW). The T45G polymorphism in the ADIPOQ gene and hypoadiponectinemia were associated with CAD in our T2D subjects of predominantly African background. This effect of Ad level was mainly related to the MMW Ad form.

Ghrelin, adipokines, metabolic factors in relation with weight status in school-children and results of a 1-year lifestyle intervention program

“…Numerous studies described significant negative correlations between adiponectin and the parameters of obesity. Low adiponectin concentrations which has been previously associated with coronary artery disease in the adult population of Guadeloupe [ 28 ] correlated with high plasma insulin levels and adverse blood lipid profile in the present study in children. Lower adiponectin levels in obesity were also associated with chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and insulin resistance [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Gene polymorphisms associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coronary artery disease: a concise review

“…Foucan L. et al . (2010) showed that in Afro-Caribbean patients with type 2 diabetes, rs2241766 was associated with CAD under a dominant model [ 18 ]. A meta-analysis showed that the associations between rs266729 , rs2241766 and rs1501299 (+276G > T) in the ADIPOQ and CVD were significant but weak.…”

Adiponectin gene variants, adiponectin isoforms and cardiometabolic risk in type 2 diabetic patients

“…Association studies between ADIPOQ SNPs and CAD also provided inconsistent results, but a recent meta‐analysis showed that the associations between rs2241766 (+45T>G) and rs1501299 (+276G>T) in the ADIPOQ gene and cardiovascular disease were significant but weak, and that studies are still required to confirm these associations. In our previous study in Afro–Caribbean patients with type 2 diabetes, rs2241766 was associated with CAD under a dominant model, as in Caucasian patients. Studies on rs17300539 (−11391G>A) and rs182052 (−10069G>A) are scarce, particularly in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and in individuals of African descent.…”

“…Inconsistent results have been reported on the association between adiponectin concentrations and coronary artery disease (CAD), especially when the multimeric forms were evaluated. Thus, in a recent report, total Ad and LMW levels were not associated with myocardial infarction in non‐diabetic men, whereas the MMW:HMW ratio correlated with incident myocardial infarction.…”