Adiponectin/leptin ratio increases after a 12-week very low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet, and exercise training in healthy individuals: A non-randomized, parallel design study

Cipryan, Lukas; Dostál, T; Plews, Daniel J.; Hofmann, Peter; Laursen, Paul B.

doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2020.12.012

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The present study shows that a VLCHF diet can induce similar changes in individuals with overfat constitution. Unlike our previous study with healthy young individuals, in which body mass reduction was only small ( 16 ), the decrease in leptin and increase in adiponectin levels in this study might be associated with the large body mass changes in both VLCHF and VLCHF+HIIT groups, which were not present in the HIIT and Control groups. Since the diet intervention in the present study induced a substantial increase in βHB ( 6 ), the beneficial changes in leptin and adiponectin could also be related to the anti-inflammatory effect of βHB.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

“…We have already demonstrated favorable changes in serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations in healthy young individuals following a comparable 12-week VLCHF diet ( 16 ). The present study shows that a VLCHF diet can induce similar changes in individuals with overfat constitution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…A VLCHF diet was previously shown to increase adiponectin/leptin ratio reflecting reduced systemic low-grade inflammation in healthy young individuals ( 16 ). In contrast, the same diet was found to be an effective strategy for reducing excess body fat in men and women with overfat constitution ( 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Very Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Improves Risk Markers for Cardiometabolic Health More Than Exercise in Men and Women With Overfat Constitution: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

et al. 2022

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PurposeThis randomized controlled parallel-group study examined the effects of a very low-carbohydrate high-fat (VLCHF) diet and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program over 12-weeks on cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with overfat constitution.MethodsNinety-one participants out of 109 completed the study. The participants were randomly allocated to the HIIT (N = 22), VLCHF (N = 25), VLCHF+HIIT (N = 25), or control (N = 19) groups for 12 weeks. Fasting plasma samples were collected before the intervention and after 4 and 12 weeks. The analyzed outcomes included complete blood count, glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein (HDL-C and LDL-C), lipoprotein(a), adiponectin (Adpn), leptin (Lep), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), other interleukins (hs-IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10), and IL-1RA. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Adpn/Lep ratio, TG/HDL-C ratio, and TyG index were calculated and analyzed. Blood pressure was measured before the intervention, after 4, 8, and 12 weeks (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03934476).ResultsAbsolute changes in HOMA-IR, Adpn/Lep ratio, LDL-C, and diastolic blood pressure after 12 weeks differed by study groups (p < 0.05). The most pronounced changes were revealed in the VLCHF (ΔM [95% CI]; HOMA-IR: −0.75 [−1.13; −0.55]; Adpn/Lep: 9.34 [6.33; 37.39]; LDL-C: 0.06 [−0.12; 0.50] mmol/l) and VLCHF+HIIT (HOMA-IR: −0.44 [−1.14; 0.12]; Adpn/Lep: 4.26 [2.24; 13.16]; LDL-C: 0.25 [−0.04; 0.50] mmol/l) groups.ConclusionsA 12-week VLCHF diet intervention in individuals with overfat constitution is effective for favorable changes in HOMA-IR (compared to HIIT), Adpn/Lep ratio, and diastolic blood pressure. HIIT, or HIIT combined with the VLCHF diet, had no additional benefits for the analyzed variables. No adverse side effects were observed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Very Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Improves Risk Markers for Cardiometabolic Health More Than Exercise in Men and Women With Overfat Constitution: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

et al. 2022

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“…Another pediatric study showed a significant increase in the concentration of HMW adiponectin in obese teenagers on KD without caloric restriction and the hypocaloric diet for 6 months [ 76 ]. The same findings have been demonstrated in obese men during the switch from baseline to an isocaloric KD [ 77 ] and in healthy young adults switched to a very low-carbohydrate, high-fat (VLCHF) diet without calorie restriction [ 78 ]. In addition, a significant increase in adiponectin to leptin ratio (Adpn/Lep) has been reported [ 78 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The same findings have been demonstrated in obese men during the switch from baseline to an isocaloric KD [ 77 ] and in healthy young adults switched to a very low-carbohydrate, high-fat (VLCHF) diet without calorie restriction [ 78 ]. In addition, a significant increase in adiponectin to leptin ratio (Adpn/Lep) has been reported [ 78 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

The Effect of the Ketogenic Diet on Adiponectin, Omentin and Vaspin in Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Chyra¹,

Roczniak

Świętochowska

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Background: Changes in adipokine secretion may be involved in the anti-epileptic effect of a ketogenic diet (KD) in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Objectives: The assessment of the influence of KD on serum adiponectin, omentin-1, and vaspin in children with DRE. Methods: Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, BMI, and waist-to-hip circumference ratio) were performed in 72 children aged 3–9 years, divided into 3 groups: 24 children with DRE treated with KD, 26—treated with valproic acid (VPA), and a control group of 22 children. Biochemical tests included fasting glucose, insulin, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, lipid profile, aminotransferases activities, and blood gasometry. Serum levels of adiponectin, omentin-1 and vaspin were assayed using commercially available ELISA tests. Results: Serum levels of adiponectin and omentin-1 in the KD group were significantly higher and vaspin—lower in comparison to patients receiving VPA and the control group. In all examined children, serum adiponectin and omentin-1 correlated negatively with WHR and serum triglycerides, insulin, fasting glucose, and HOMA-IR. Vaspin levels correlated negatively with serum triglycerides and positively with body weight, BMI, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Conclusion: One of the potential mechanisms of KD in children with drug-resistant epilepsy may be a modulation of metabolically beneficial and anti-inflammatory adipokine levels.

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The effect of ketogenic diet on adipokines levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials

Xiao,

Wang,

Kuang

et al. 2024

Acta Diabetol

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Adiponectin/leptin ratio increases after a 12-week very low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet, and exercise training in healthy individuals: A non-randomized, parallel design study

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

Very Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Improves Risk Markers for Cardiometabolic Health More Than Exercise in Men and Women With Overfat Constitution: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Very Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Improves Risk Markers for Cardiometabolic Health More Than Exercise in Men and Women With Overfat Constitution: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

The Effect of the Ketogenic Diet on Adiponectin, Omentin and Vaspin in Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

The effect of ketogenic diet on adipokines levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials

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