GAIH rate depends on age, degree of blood pressure decompensation prior the surgery, and presence of diabetes mellitus type II.

At present, analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is becoming widely used as a clinical or research tool. Supported reliability studies for HRV measurement are, however, still limited. The main purpose was to perform an assessment of the absolute and relative reliability of HRV parameters from short-term recordings by means of orthoclinostatic stimulation and to investigate, whether there is a difference in repeating the retest immediately or after several days. The study group consisted of 99 participants (mean age 22 ± 1.24 years). Standard HRV indexes were computed: PT (total spectral power), PHF (high frequency spectral power), PLF (low frequency spectral power) and LF/HF. Absolute reliability was assessed by the standard error of measurement and 95% limits of agreement; relative reliability was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient. There was also an estimate of the sample size needed to detect the mean difference ≥ 30% of the between-subject standard deviation. In conclusion, a large random variation (within individuals) of HRV parameters was revealed, regardless of whether the retest was repeated immediately or with an interruption. For most HRV parameters (particularly in the immediately repeated test-retest), however, random variation represents a limited portion of the between-subject variability.

Purpose: This randomized controlled parallel-group study examined the effects of a very low-carbohydrate high-fat (VLCHF) diet and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program over 12 weeks on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level in overfat individuals.Methods: Ninety-one participants were randomly allocated to the HIIT (N = 22), VLCHF (N = 25), VLCHF+HIIT (N = 25), or control (N = 19) groups for 12 weeks. Body composition and CRF were analyzed before the experimental period and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and graded exercise test (GXT) to volitional exhaustion were used for the body composition and CRF assessments, respectively.Results: There were significant between-group differences in the VAT mass and body composition outcome changes. VAT mass decreased after 12 weeks only in the VLCHF and VLCHF+HIIT groups (p < 0.001, median [95% CI]: VLCHF: −142.0 [−187.0; −109.5] g; VLCHF+HIIT: −104.0 [−135.0; −71.0] g). Similarly, changes in body mass, total body fat, trunk fat mass, waist and hip circumferences were distinctly decreased in the VLCHF and VLCHF+HIIT groups, when compared to HIIT and Control groups. Total lean mass significantly decreased in the VLCHF and VLCHF+HIIT groups (−2.1 [−3.0; −1.6] kg and −2.5 [−3.6; −1.8] kg, respectively) after 12 weeks. While the HIIT program significantly increased total time to exhaustion in the GXT, peak oxygen uptake was unchanged.Conclusions: A VLCHF diet, either in isolation or in combination with HIIT, was shown to induce a significant reduction in VAT mass and body composition variables. HIIT alone did not cause such effects on body composition, but improved exercise capacity. Our findings indicate that the VLCHF diet and exercise training provoked different and isolated effects on body composition and CRF.Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03934476, identifier: NCT03934476.

PurposeThis randomized controlled parallel-group study examined the effects of a very low-carbohydrate high-fat (VLCHF) diet and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program over 12-weeks on cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with overfat constitution.MethodsNinety-one participants out of 109 completed the study. The participants were randomly allocated to the HIIT (N = 22), VLCHF (N = 25), VLCHF+HIIT (N = 25), or control (N = 19) groups for 12 weeks. Fasting plasma samples were collected before the intervention and after 4 and 12 weeks. The analyzed outcomes included complete blood count, glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein (HDL-C and LDL-C), lipoprotein(a), adiponectin (Adpn), leptin (Lep), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), other interleukins (hs-IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10), and IL-1RA. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Adpn/Lep ratio, TG/HDL-C ratio, and TyG index were calculated and analyzed. Blood pressure was measured before the intervention, after 4, 8, and 12 weeks (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03934476).ResultsAbsolute changes in HOMA-IR, Adpn/Lep ratio, LDL-C, and diastolic blood pressure after 12 weeks differed by study groups (p < 0.05). The most pronounced changes were revealed in the VLCHF (ΔM [95% CI]; HOMA-IR: −0.75 [−1.13; −0.55]; Adpn/Lep: 9.34 [6.33; 37.39]; LDL-C: 0.06 [−0.12; 0.50] mmol/l) and VLCHF+HIIT (HOMA-IR: −0.44 [−1.14; 0.12]; Adpn/Lep: 4.26 [2.24; 13.16]; LDL-C: 0.25 [−0.04; 0.50] mmol/l) groups.ConclusionsA 12-week VLCHF diet intervention in individuals with overfat constitution is effective for favorable changes in HOMA-IR (compared to HIIT), Adpn/Lep ratio, and diastolic blood pressure. HIIT, or HIIT combined with the VLCHF diet, had no additional benefits for the analyzed variables. No adverse side effects were observed.

This article describes statistical evaluation of the computational model for precipitation forecast and proposes a method for uncertainty modelling of rainfall-runoff models in the Floreon + system based on this evaluation. The Monte-Carlo simulation method is used for estimating possible river discharge and provides several confidence intervals that can support the decisions in operational disaster management. Experiments with other parameters of the model and their influence on final river discharge are also discussed.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is unfavorably associated with cancer risk. The purpose of this multidisciplinary project was to evaluate a possible association of diabetes mellitus and other comorbidities and their treatment with progression of colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We investigated the correlation between pathological characteristics and clinical course, including comorbidities in 1004 Czech patients diagnosed and surgically treated for colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) between 1999 and 2016. RESULTS: In our data set, CRC patients treated with metformin due to coexisting diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) developed fewer distant metastases which clinically correlates with slower CRC progression. Survival in metformin subgroup was longer, particularly in men with CRC. Osteoporosis may be a negative factor of survival in CRC patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings also indicate that aging, higher tumor grade and TNM stage, coexistence of selected endocrine disorders, and metabolic abnormalities may change the tumor microenvironment and impact survival in colorectal cancer, although mechanism of these observations yet to be explained. Patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 treated with metformin may represent the altered microenvironment with specifically tuned metabolic molecular responses and with various epigenetic characteristics. More awareness and increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying the positive effect of metformin on patients' survival could offer insight into new treatment methods and permit more individualized treatment plans.

In the article we introduce interactive mathematical games intended for two players or two teams of players. These educational games can be used for remarkable training mathematical skills in the class. These games bring joy, enthusiasm and originality to the education. The games are in an interactive PDF format.

Fetal phonocardiography is a non-invasive, completely passive and low-cost method based on sensing acoustic signals from the maternal abdomen. However, different types of interference are sensed along with the desired fetal phonocardiography. This study focuses on the comparison of fetal phonocardiography filtering using eight algorithms: Savitzky-Golay filter, finite impulse response filter, adaptive wavelet transform, maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform, variational mode decomposition, empirical mode decomposition, ensemble empirical mode decomposition, and complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise. The effectiveness of those methods was tested on four types of interference (maternal sounds, movement artifacts, Gaussian noise, and ambient noise) and eleven combinations of these disturbances. The dataset was created using two synthetic records r01 and r02, where the record r02 was loaded with higher levels of interference than the record r01. The evaluation was performed using the objective parameters such as accuracy of the detection of S1 and S2 sounds, signal-to-noise ratio improvement, and mean error of heart interval measurement. According to all parameters, the best results were achieved using the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise method with average values of accuracy = 91.53% in the detection of S1 and accuracy = 68.89% in the detection of S2. The average value of signal-to-noise ratio improvement achieved by complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise method was 9.75 dB and the average value of the mean error of heart interval measurement was 3.27 ms.