Adipokines in Psoriatic Arthritis Patients: The Correlations with Osteoclast Precursors and Bone Erosions

Abstract

Significant bone remodeling with disordered osteoclastogenesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). And there is a high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in PsA patients. Adipokines, especially leptin and adiponectin, have recently been reported to be involved in the development and regulation of some autoimmune diseases. In this study, we examined the alternation of circulating osteoclastogenesis related cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)] and adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, chemerin, omentin) in PsA patients, and analysed the correlations between these factors and osteoclast precursors numbers, radiographic damage scores, and disease activity index. 41 PsA patients, 20 psoriasis patients, and 24 healthy controls were recruited. Blood samples were obtained for detecting the levels of TNF-α, OPG, RANKL and the adipokines. The numbers of osteoclast precursors (OCs) in peripheral blood were assessed. Radiographs of affected joints in PsA patients were scored for erosion, joint-space narrowing, osteolysis, and new bone formation. Compared with healthy controls, patients with PsA had higher TNF-α, RANKL, OCs, leptin and omentin but lower adiponectin and chemerin. Increased serum levels of TNF-α, RANKL, leptin, and omentin were positively correlated with OCs numbers. In contrast, serum adiponectin levels were decreased in PsA patients and negatively correlated with OCs numbers. TNF-α, RANKL and leptin were positively correlated with Psoriatic Arthritis Joint Activity Index (PsAJAI). Only TNF-α was positively correlated with radiographic damage scores. Our data demonstrated that systemic expression of soluble mediators of osteoclastogenesis and adipokines were disordered in PsA. Certain adipokines were elevated in the circulation of patients with PsA and might contribute to pathogenesis of arthritis. Prospective studies will be of interest to determine the pluripotent effects of adipokines on osteoclastogenesis in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Future studies may lead to novel therapeutic strategies.

New Interleukins in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Patients: The Possible Roles of Interleukin-33 to Interleukin-38 in Disease Activities and Bone Erosions

“…It has been proposed, based on experimental models, that pathological resorption is, at least in part, due to an increase in the number of these precursors [19] . Indeed, elevated numbers of circulating osteoclast precursors (OCPs) in PsA patients have been identified to be directly related to the bone erosions in Ritchlin et al [9] and our previous studies [11] .…”

Evaluation of the salivary levels of visfatin, chemerin, and progranulin in periodontal inflammation

“…Chemerin can also be determined in inflammatory fluids, since it leads to chemotaxis of the monocytes and the macrophages to the site of inflammation. In addition to the pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemerin also causes an irreversible tissue damage by increasing the MMP levels [33]. Huang et al [21] reported that, in osteoarthritis, which is an inflammatory disease, chemerin is found at high levels in serum and in synovial fluid and the chemerin levels in the synovial fluid are proportional to the severity of the disease.…”

The immune system and postmenopausal osteoporosis

“…OCs precursors increases during estrogen deficiency (D'Amelio et al, 2008) and in condition characterized by increased bone turnover as bone metastases (D'Amico et al 2013;Roato et al, 2007) or inflammatory diseases (Oostlander et al, 2012;Roato et al, 2007;Xue et al, 2012).…”