Adipokines in Breast Milk: An Update

Çatlı, Gönül; Dündar, Nihal Olgaç; Dündar, Bumin Nuri

doi:10.4274/jcrpe.1531

Cited by 48 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…These bioactive milk peptides also play important roles, such as energy intake and systemic and local imflammatory status. [5, 15, 33]. At this point, another important focus of this study was a positive correlation between CRP and these three adipokines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The concentrations of adipokines in goat milk: relation to plasma levels, inflammatory status, milk quality and composition

Guzel

Yibar

Belenli

et al. 2017

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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The main objectives of our study were to measure the major adipokines adiponectin, leptin and resistin in goat milk, to assess their interrelationships and to assess their relationships with the plasma and serum concentrations of total protein, cholesterol, total lipids, plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), milk somatic cell count (SCC), milk total aerobic colony and lactobacillus count, and milk components in lactating Saanen goats. The study was performed on eighteen lactating Saanen goats. Milk and blood samples were collected on days 20, 35, 50, 65 and 80 of lactation postpartum. The milk and plasma adiponectin levels on days 50, 65 and 80 postpartum were significantly higher than those on day 20. The milk and plasma leptin levels were lower on day 20 than on days 35, 50, 65 and 80. The milk concentrations of these major adipokines were positively intercorrelated. The milk and plasma concentrations of these three adipokines were also positively correlated. The plasma CRP concentrations correlated positively with milk leptin and resistin concentrations and inversely with milk adiponectin concentration. Milk adiponectin concentration was inversely related with its SCC. These data confirm that adiponectin, leptin and resistin are present in goat milk. The milk concentrations of these three adipokines were interrelated and interacted with the general inflammatory marker, CRP. The inverse relationship between milk adiponectin concentrations and its SCC suggests that variations in milk adiponectin might be involved in the udder health of lactating goats, but clinical trials are needed to support this hypothesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The concentrations of adipokines in goat milk: relation to plasma levels, inflammatory status, milk quality and composition

Guzel

Yibar

Belenli

et al. 2017

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Breastfeeding should be considered because several adipokines, cortisol and antioxidants have been identified in human breast milk [56,57]. The use of vitamin supplements for some infants, prescribed by pediatricians, also has influenced the results of the total antioxidant capacity and the level of oxygen free radicals [50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine Inflammatory Responses in Overweight/Obese Infants

et al. 2016

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Childhood obesity is related to a cascade of neuroendocrine inflammatory changes. However, there remains a gap in the current literature regarding the possible occurrence of these changes in overweight/obese infants. The objective of this study was to evaluate adipokines, cortisol, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and redox status in overweight/obese infants versus normal-weight peers. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 50 infants (25 in the overweight/obese group and 25 in the normal-weight group) between 6 and 24 months. Plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors, chemokines, BDNF, serum cortisol and redox status were measured. Unpaired Student's t-test was used to analyze the results and a probability of p<0.05 was acceptable for rejection of the null hypothesis. The Pearson correlation was used to verify the association between the biomarkers analyzed in each group. Plasma levels of leptin (p = 0.0001), adiponectin (p = 0.0007) and BDNF (p = 0.003), and serum cortisol (p = 0.048) were significantly higher in overweight/obese infants than normal-weight infants. In contrast, the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (p = 0.004), and catalase (p = 0.045) and superoxide dismutase activity (p = 0.02) were lower in overweight/obese infants than normal-weight peers. All the results together indicate neuroendocrine inflammatory response changes in overweight/obese infants between 6 and 24 months. Although there is already an environment that predisposes for a subsequent pro-inflammatory response, neuroendocrine secretion changes that permit the control of the inflammatory process in this age interval can be observed.

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“…Therefore, this genetic combination could be more favorable in modulating leptin production in infancy, because low leptin concentrations in the first period of life seem to be associated with increased susceptibility to metabolic disorders later in life [6]. In fact, according to several studies [40], the first 1,000 days of life are crucial: the organs and systems of infants are particularly sensitive to stimuli or insults that could program the future development and health [41]. Among these, leptin appears to play an important positive role in regulating energy balance at the central level [5,6,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mismatch Amplification Mutation Assay Real-Time PCR Analysis of the Leptin Gene G2548A and A19G Polymorphisms and Serum Leptin in Infancy: A Preliminary Investigation

Savino¹,

Rossi²,

Stasio

et al. 2016

Horm Res Paediatr

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Leptin is a hormone that regulates food intake and energy metabolism. Its coding gene (LEP) is one of the most promising candidates for obesity. Although some studies have detected associations of different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LEP gene with serum leptin levels and obesity-related traits, the results are still conflicting. We investigated two SNPs to find relationships with leptin concentrations. Thirty healthy Caucasian infants younger than 6 months were genotyped for the SNPs G2548A and A19G with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and amplification refractory mutation system-mismatch amplification mutation assay (ARMS- MAMA) real-time PCR, and serum leptin concentrations were measured with a radioimmunoassay method. Considering the significant linkage disequilibrium observed between the two SNPs, we divided the sample according to the number of GG haplotypes and observed that individuals homozygous for the GG haplotype had higher serum leptin levels in early infancy than the others. Although these preliminary results are based on a limited sample, they suggest that the genetic background seems to play a role in modulating leptin levels in infancy, but changes in leptin levels over infancy and their correlation with obesity need to be further explored. We describe an ARMS-MAMA real-time PCR procedure which could be profitably applied in routine genetic screening.

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Adipokines in Breast Milk: An Update

Cited by 48 publications

References 116 publications

The concentrations of adipokines in goat milk: relation to plasma levels, inflammatory status, milk quality and composition

The concentrations of adipokines in goat milk: relation to plasma levels, inflammatory status, milk quality and composition

Neuroendocrine Inflammatory Responses in Overweight/Obese Infants

Mismatch Amplification Mutation Assay Real-Time PCR Analysis of the Leptin Gene G2548A and A19G Polymorphisms and Serum Leptin in Infancy: A Preliminary Investigation

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