Adipocytokine and ghrelin levels in relation to bone mineral density in physically active older women: longitudinal associations

Abstract

Purpose: We investigated the relationship between the decrease in bone mineral mass (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) values with baseline adipocytokine and ghrelin concentrations in physically active postmenopausal women. Methods: Leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, BMC, BMD and different body composition values were measured in 35 women (age: 69.7G6.0 years) before and after a 12-month prospective study period. Results: Significant (P!0.05) decreases in fat-free mass (FFM) (by 2.56%) and BMC (by 1.63%) and increases in adiponectin (by 14.8%) were seen in older females as a result of the study period. The independent variables that were associated with decreases in total BMC were baseline fat mass (FM) and adiponectin explaining 30.6% (R 2 !100) of the total variance. In another model, baseline FFM and leptin were the independent variables that explained 20.6% (P!0.05) of the total variance in the decreases in total BMD value. The variables that were associated with decreases in femoral neck BMD were FM and leptin (R 2 Z0.102; P!0.05), while the independent variables were baseline trunk fat:leg fat ratio and adiponectin in the model with decreases in lumbar spine BMD as the dependent variable, and accounted for 13.1% (P!0.05) of the decreases in BMD variance. Conclusions: Initial adiponectin concentration together with specific body composition characteristics predicted loss in BMC and lumbar spine BMD values, while initial leptin concentration together with specific body composition parameters determined the loss in total and femoral neck BMD values in physically active older women.

Omentin-1, visfatin and adiponectin levels in relation to bone mineral density in Iranian postmenopausal women

“…A number of clinical studies reported the inverse association of adiponectin and BMD in women [4,[17][18][19]45]. In a longitudinal study, baseline fat mass and adiponectin were associated with decreases in total bone mineral mass in older women [46]. In the Rancho Bernardo Study, adiponectin was inversely associated with BMD at the femoral neck, total hip, lumbar spine, and midshaft radius after 4.4 years and at the femoral neck and total hip almost 9 years later in postmenopausal women [47].…”

Vertebral bone marrow fat, bone mineral density and diabetes: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study

“…Adiponectin is known to regulate insulin sensitivity, and low level of this adipocyte-producing hormone has been associated with the progression of diabetes. In addition, high adiponectin levels have been linked to lower BMD [38, 44, 45] and greater BMD loss [46, 47], and its role in stimulating the receptor activator of nuclear factor- κB ligand (RANKL) pathway and inhibiting the production of the decoy receptor for RANKL and osteoprotegerin may contribute greatly to this observation [48]. With the potential interplay of leptin, adiponectin and insulin with bone and type 2 diabetes, we further tested the effect of these factors on the observed difference in BMF content among diabetic and non-diabetic men.…”

Obesity is a concern for bone health with aging

“…Adiponectin stimulates osteoblast-receptors to increase osteoblastogenesis and indirectly inhibit osteoclastogenesis [42]. However, higher adiponectin levels are associated with greater bone loss at the lumbar spine in a 12 months longitudinal study conducted in physically active older women [43]. Furthermore, in the Health Aging and Body Composition Study, serum adiponectin was significantly higher in overweight women with fractures compared to women without fractures [40], indicating that adiponectin may be a biomarker of fracture risk [34, 40,41].…”