Adipocyte reporter assays: Application for identification of anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties of mangosteen xanthones

Shen, Qiwen; Chitchumroonchokchai, Chureeporn; Thomas, J.L.; Gushchina, Liubov V.; DiSilvestro, David; Failla, Mark L.; Ziouzenkova, Ouliana

doi:10.1002/mnfr.201300181

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Shen et al. (2014) reported that α -mangostin-mediated antioxidant response via Nrf2 is a mechanism preventing adipogenesis and inflammation in adipocytes. Molecular mechanisms underlying antioxidant activity exerted by green tea and its components have been extensively investigated as well.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional beverage of Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) enhances plasma antioxidant capacity in healthy adults

Xie¹,

Sintara²,

Chang³

et al. 2014

Food Science & Nutrition

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This study was to investigate the absorption and antioxidant effect of a mangosteen-based functional beverage in humans. The beverage contained mangosteen, aloe vera, green tea, and multivitamins. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted with generally healthy male and female subjects between 18 and 60 years of age. Ten men and 10 women participated in this study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups, treatment and placebo group. Participants received either a daily single dose (245 mL) of the beverage or a placebo. Blood samples were collected from each participant at time points 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h. The plasma samples were analyzed by LC/MS for α-mangostin and vitamins B2 and B5. Results indicated that the three analytes were bioavailable, with observed Cmax at around 1 h. The antioxidant capacity measured with the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was increased with a maximum effect of 60% after 1 h, and the elevated antioxidant level lasted at least 6 h. This study demonstrated the bioavailability of α-mangostin and B vitamins from a xanthone-rich beverage and the mechanisms of the increase in plasma antioxidant may be direct effects from antioxidants, enhancement of endogenous antioxidant activity through activation of Nrf2 pathway, and synergism of the antioxidants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional beverage of Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) enhances plasma antioxidant capacity in healthy adults

Xie¹,

Sintara²,

Chang³

et al. 2014

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…Fang et al studied ARPE-19 cells with H 2 O 2 -induced high cellular stress and found α-MG treatment (200 μM) decreased TBARS levels and increased SOD, GPx and GSH activities [20]. Shen et al reported effects of α-mangosteen in the regulation of antioxidant sensor NRF2 transcription factor on regulation of transcription and redox status in adipocyte [21]. The authors attributed these observations to α-MG regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, JNK and p38 protein expression [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha-mangostin from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) pericarp extract reduces high fat-diet induced hepatic steatosis in rats by regulating mitochondria function and apoptosis

et al. 2016

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BackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by multiple factors including hepatic oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Obesity is among the risk factors for NAFLD alongside type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. α- mangostin (α-MG) extracts from the pericarps of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) may regulate high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis; however the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effect of α-MG on high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and the underlying mechanisms related to mitochondrial functionality and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro.MethodsSprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed on either AIM 93-M control diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), or high-fat diet supplemented with 25 mg/day mangosteen pericarp extract (MGE) for 11 weeks. Thereafter, the following were determined: body weight change, plasma free fatty acids, liver triglyceride content, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione, GSH; glutathione peroxidase, GPx; glutathione reductase GRd; catalase, CAT) and mitochondrial complex enzyme activities. In the in vitro study, primary liver cells were treated with 1 mM free fatty acid (FFA) (palmitate: oleate acid = 2:0.25) to induce steatosis. Thereafter, the effects of α-MG (10 μM, 20 μM, 30 μM) on total and mitochondria ROS (tROS, mitoROS), mitochondria bioenergetic functions, and mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis were examined in the FFA-treated primary liver cells.ResultsThe MGE group showed significantly decreased plasma free fatty acids and hepatic triglycerides (TG) and thiorbarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels; increased activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, GPx, GRd, CAT); and enhanced NADH-cytochrome c reductase (NCCR) and succinate-cytochrome c reductase (SCCR) activities in the liver tissue compared with HFD group. In the in vitro study, α-MG significantly increased mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR), decreased tROS (total ROS) and mitoROS (mitochondrial ROS) levels ; reduced Ca2+ and cytochrome c (cyt c) release from mitochondria, and reduced caspases 9 and 3 activities compared with control group.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate α-MG attenuated hepatic steatosis in high fat-diet fed rats potentially through enhanced cellular antioxidant capacity and improved mitochondrial functions as well as suppressed apoptosis of hepatocytes. The findings of study represent a novel nutritional approach on the use of α-MG in the prevention and management of NAFLD.

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“…This reporter cell line was previously validated using both pro-inflammatory agents and anti-inflammatory antioxidants. 28 We compared Nfκb -RE activation in adipocytes stimulated with the EY, EY-P, and EY-NP fractions. Although both the EY and EY-P fractions contained carotenoids and vitamins, Nfκb -RE activation was suppressed only in adipocytes stimulated with the EY-P fractions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 The Nfkb -RE/GFP cell line derivation procedure and its characterization in presence of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators was described before. 28 Nfkb -RE/GFP cells were cultured in standard culture medium (high glucose DMEM containing 10% CS and 1% penicillin-streptomycin). Similar to the parent 3T3-L1 cell line, Nfkb -RE/GFP cells preadipocytes were capable of differentiation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to the parent 3T3-L1 cell line, Nfkb -RE/GFP cells preadipocytes were capable of differentiation. 28 Differentiation was induced (day 0) in confluent preadipocytes using differentiation media I (DMI) containing 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (0.5mM), dexamethasone (1μM), insulin (1.7μM), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 1% penicillin-streptomycin in DMEM. Differentiation media II (DMII) contained 10% FBS, insulin (1.7μM), and 1% penicillin-streptomycin in DMEM.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Egg Yolks Inhibit Activation of NF-κB and Expression of Its Target Genes in Adipocytes after Partial Delipidation

Shen

Riedl

Cole

et al. 2015

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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How composition of egg yolk (EY) influences NF-κB, a key transcription pathway in inflammation, remains unclear. We performed partial delipidation of EY that removed 20–30% of cholesterol and triglycerides. The resulting polar and non-polar fractions were termed EY-P and EY-NP. NF-κB activation in response to EY from different suppliers and their fractions was examined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes using a NF-κB response element reporter assay and by analyzing expression of 248 inflammatory genes. Although EY-P and EY contained similar level of vitamins, carotenoids, and fatty acids, only delipidated EY-P fraction suppressed NF-κB via down-regulation of toll like receptor-2 and up-regulation of inhibitory toll interacting protein (Tollip) and lymphocyte antigen 96 (Ly96). Our data suggest that anti-inflammatory activity of lutein and retinol were blunted by non-polar lipids in EY likely via crosstalk between SREBP and NF-κB pathways in adipocytes. Thus, moderate delipidation may improve their beneficial properties of regular eggs.

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Adipocyte reporter assays: Application for identification of anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties of mangosteen xanthones

Cited by 28 publications

References 39 publications

Functional beverage of Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) enhances plasma antioxidant capacity in healthy adults

Functional beverage of Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) enhances plasma antioxidant capacity in healthy adults

Alpha-mangostin from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) pericarp extract reduces high fat-diet induced hepatic steatosis in rats by regulating mitochondria function and apoptosis

Egg Yolks Inhibit Activation of NF-κB and Expression of Its Target Genes in Adipocytes after Partial Delipidation

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