Adiaspiromycosis and Diseases Caused by Related Fungi in Ajellomycetaceae

Borman, Andrew M.; Jiang, Yanping; Dukik, Karolina; Sigler, Lynne; Schwartz, Ilan S.; Hoog, G. Sybren de

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72093-7_7

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Caused by fungus Adiaspiromyces , previously known as Emmonsia spp. [ 84 ], it is known to affect the lungs of various members of the Mustelidae, including otters [ 26 , 85 , 86 , 87 ], even with a fatal outcome [ 25 ]. Both affected animals from the study were reported roadkills; the nutritional status could not be assessed in one animal, but was good in the other individual.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological Findings in Eurasian Otters (Lutra lutra) Found Dead between 2015−2020 in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

Rohner

Wohlsein

Prenger‐Berninghoff

et al. 2021

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In times of massive biodiversity loss and ongoing environmental crises, it is extremely important to ensure long-term conservation efforts of threatened species like Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra). To gain insights into the status of Northern Germany’s otter population, 92 otters found dead in Schleswig-Holstein between 2015−2020 were collected and underwent detailed dissection with the aim to establish a monitoring program for this population. Examinations followed a protocol especially designed for otters, including various biological data assessments and extended sampling. The finding sites showed a clear concentration in the Continental region. Seasonal concentration differed among the years, yet peaks were seen from fall to winter. Overall, more males than females were found, although this differed among the years. The majority of otters that could be aged were between 1–3 years. Placental scars and pregnancy were recorded in only few females. Nutritional status was good in most cases. Infectious diseases found included Vagococcus lutrae, Toxoplasma gondii, and Emmonsia spp. A major cause of death was roadkill. Known sample bias in studies focusing on roadkill was considered in the finding interpretation. Continuation of the population health investigations is mandatory to analyze potential trends and to establish an actual monitoring program for Eurasian otters in Schleswig-Holstein.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological Findings in Eurasian Otters (Lutra lutra) Found Dead between 2015−2020 in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

Rohner

Wohlsein

Prenger‐Berninghoff

et al. 2021

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Emmonsia crescens occurs in animal and, less commonly, in human hosts in which it forms large non-replicating, thick-walled adiaspores in lung and occasionally other tissues. Almost all data on this species' host and geographic distribution come from animal surveys in which lungs and other tissues of trapped animals have been dissected and examined for presence of the large adiaspores (up to 400 lm diam) characteristic of this species (Dvořak et al 1973;Emmons and Jellison 1960;Hubalek 1999;Hubálek et al 1995Hubálek et al , 1998Jellison 1969;Sigler 2005;Borman et al 2009Borman et al , 2018. These adiaspores are pathognomonic and can be recognized in published reports even in the absence of preserved material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny, ecology and taxonomy of systemic pathogens and their relatives in Ajellomycetaceae (Onygenales): Blastomyces, Emergomyces, Emmonsia, Emmonsiellopsis

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The family Ajellomycetaceae (Onygenales) includes mammal-associated pathogens within the genera Blastomyces, Emmonsia, Histoplasma and Paracoccidioides, as well as the recently described genera, Emergomyces that causes disease in immunocompromised hosts, and Emmonsiellopsis, known only from soil. To further assess the phylogenetic relationships among and between members of these genera and several previously undescribed species, we sequenced and analyzed the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II (rPB2), translation elongation factor 3-a (TEF3), b-tubulin (TUB2), 28S large subunit rDNA (LSU) and the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) in 68 strains, in addition to morphological and physiological investigations. To better understand the thermal dimorphism among these fungi, the dynamic process of transformation from mycelial to yeast-like or adiaspore-like forms was also assessed over a range of temperatures (6-42°C). Molecular data resolved the relationships and recognized five major well-supported lineages that correspond largely to the genus level. Emmonsia, typified by Emmonsia parva, is a synonym of Blastomyces that also accommodates Blastomyces helicus (formerly Emmonsia helica). Emmonsia crescens is phylogenetically distinct, and found closely related to a single strain from soil without known etiology. Blastomyces silverae, Emergomyces canadensis, Emergomyces europaeus and Emmonsia sola are newly described. Almost all of the taxa are associated with human and animal disease. Emmonsia crescens, B. dermatitidis and B. parvus are prevalently associated with pulmonary disease in humans or animals. Blastomyces helicus, B. percursus, Emergomyces africanus, Es. canadensis, Es. europaeus, Es. orientalis and Es. pasteurianus (formerly Emmonsia pasteuriana) are predominantly found in human hosts with immune disorders; no animal hosts are known for these species except B. helicus.

show abstract

“…These include exclusive human pathogens as well as pathogens common to both humans and other animals. Emergomyces crescens is normally associated with small burrowing mammals, particularly Cricetidae and Muridae rodents [ 48 , 102 ]. Cases in other rodents and humans occur occasionally [ 103 ].…”

Section: Some Examples Of Animal-associated Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Animal-Associated Fungal Diseases

Carpouron

Hoog

Gentekaki

et al. 2022

JoF

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections (GAFFI) estimates that fungal diseases kill around 150 people each hour, and yet they are globally overlooked and neglected. Histoplasma and Talaromyces, which are associated with wildlife, cause systemic infections that are often lethal in patients with impaired cellular immunity. Dermatophytes that cause outbreaks in human hosts are often associated with domesticated animals. Changes in human behavior have been identified as a main cause of the emergence of animal-associated fungal diseases in humans, sometimes caused by the disturbance of natural habitats. An understanding of ecology and the transmission modes of causative agents is therefore essential. Here, we focus on fungal diseases contracted from wildlife and domesticated animals, their habitats, feces and carcasses. We discuss some basic fungal lifestyles and the risk of transmission to humans and illustrate these with examples from emerging and established diseases.

show abstract

Adiaspiromycosis and Diseases Caused by Related Fungi in Ajellomycetaceae

Cited by 9 publications

References 53 publications

Pathological Findings in Eurasian Otters (Lutra lutra) Found Dead between 2015−2020 in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

Pathological Findings in Eurasian Otters (Lutra lutra) Found Dead between 2015−2020 in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

Phylogeny, ecology and taxonomy of systemic pathogens and their relatives in Ajellomycetaceae (Onygenales): Blastomyces, Emergomyces, Emmonsia, Emmonsiellopsis

Emerging Animal-Associated Fungal Diseases

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About