Adhesives from Autohydrolysis Bagasse Lignin, a Renewable Resource. Part I. The Physical Properties of Laminates made with Phenolated Lignin Novolacs

Ysbrandy, R. E.; Sanderson, Ronald D.; Gerischer, G. F. R.

doi:10.1515/hfsg.1992.46.3.249

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The vitrification time values are obtained from the isoconversional expression [eq. (10)], as shown in Figure 6. The glasstransition temperature values, as a function of vitrification conversion and time, are shown in Figure 6(a, b) for lignin-phenolic and phenolic resins, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, Ozawa's isoconversional method was applied. The experimental data were obtained from nine heating rates (2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16, and 208C min À1 ) in a scanning temperature range from 30 to 2508C. The data treatment of the dynamic curing processes by DSC begins with the calculations of conversion degree, which corresponds to the following expression:…”

Section: Preparation Of Lignin-phenolic Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical modification of lignin by methylolation or phenolation is necessary to improve its reactivity towards the formaldehyde during the polymerization reaction. 4,6,[10][11][12] The preparation of the resins and the chemical structure of the polymer have a great influence on their curing temperatures. Additionally, the curing stage has a great influence on the application of resol resin, since it determines the quality of final product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Master curve and time–temperature–transformation cure diagram of lignin–phenolic and phenolic resol resins

Alonso

Oliet

García

et al. 2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The aim of this work is to generate both a master curve of resol resins based on the time-temperature superposition principle and their TTT cure diagrams. The samples used for this purpose were lignin-phenolic and phenol-formaldehyde resol resins. A TMA technique was employed to study the gelation of resol resins. In addition, a DSC technique was employed to determine the kinetic parameters through the Ozawa method, which allowed us to obtain isoconversional curves from the data fit to the Arrhenius expression. Establishing the relationship between the glasstransition temperature and curing degree allowed the determination of the vitrification lines of the resol resins. Thus, using the experimental data obtained by TMA and DSC, we generated a TTT cure diagram for each of resins studied.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Lignin-phenolic Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Master curve and time–temperature–transformation cure diagram of lignin–phenolic and phenolic resol resins

Alonso

Oliet

García

et al. 2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…As described by Ysbrandy et al [26], a mixture of 10 g of lignin and 10 g of resorcinol in 150 mL of 10 % sulfuric acid was kept under stirring at 60 °C during 6 h. After quenching by dilution with 560 mL of water, the suspension was boiled for 3 h. The solids were then filtered using a glass filter and thoroughly washed with hot water to give lignin-resorcinol (LR). All the prepared lignin-resorcinol qualities were repeated at least three times.…”

Section: Phenolation Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gelation and isoconversional kinetic analysis of synthesis of lignin–resorcinol–glyoxal resin curing

et al. 2015

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“…In addition, we also focused on the influence of the lignin type, methylolated or not, on the curing process of the novolac resins. 26,27 The details of the modification of lignosulfonate were reported in a previous article. 5 The formulations of the LN and methylolated lignin-phenol-formaldeyde novolac resins (MLNs) were carried out in a laboratory glass reactor equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, and reflux condenser.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time–temperature–transformation cure diagrams of phenol–formaldehyde and lignin–phenol–formaldehyde novolac resins

Pérez

Rodrı́guez

Alonso

et al. 2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, the time-temperaturetransformation (TTT) cure diagrams of the curing processes of several novolac resins were determined. Each diagram corresponded to a mixture of commercial phenol-formaldehyde novolac, lignin-phenol-formaldehyde novolac, and methylolated lignin-phenol-formaldehyde novolac resins with hexamethylenetetramine as a curing agent. Thermomechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry techniques were applied to study the resin gelation and the kinetics of the curing process to obtain the isoconversional curves. The temperature at which the material gelled and vitrified [the glass-transition temperature at the gel point ( gel T g )], the glass-transition temperature of the uncured material (without crosslinking; T g0 ), and the glass-transition temperature with full crosslinking were also obtained. On the basis of the measured of conversion degree at gelation, the approximate glass-transition temperature/conversion relationship, and the thermokinetic results of the curing process of the resins, TTT cure diagrams of the novolac samples were constructed. The TTT diagrams showed that the lignin-novolac and methylolated lignin-novolac resins presented lower T g0 and gel T g values than the commercial resin. The TTT diagram is a suitable tool for understanding novolac resin behavior during the isothermal curing process.

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Adhesives from Autohydrolysis Bagasse Lignin, a Renewable Resource. Part I. The Physical Properties of Laminates made with Phenolated Lignin Novolacs

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Master curve and time–temperature–transformation cure diagram of lignin–phenolic and phenolic resol resins

Master curve and time–temperature–transformation cure diagram of lignin–phenolic and phenolic resol resins

Gelation and isoconversional kinetic analysis of synthesis of lignin–resorcinol–glyoxal resin curing

Time–temperature–transformation cure diagrams of phenol–formaldehyde and lignin–phenol–formaldehyde novolac resins

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