Adhesion measurements on the attachment devices of the jumping spider<i>Evarcha arcuata</i>

Kesel, Antonia B.; Martin, Andrew; Seidl, Tobias

doi:10.1242/jeb.00478

Cited by 138 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The feet of the jumping spider Evarcha arcuata attach to smooth surfaces by means of a claw tuft, the scopula, which is equipped with setae, these again being covered by numerous setules. It was found that a single setule can produce an adhesive force of 38 nN perpendicular to a surface [977]. Multiplying this with the number of setae and comparing it to the mean body weight, a safety factor of 160 is achieved.…”

Section: Cell and Animal Adhesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

Butt

Cappella

Kappl

2005

Surface Science Reports

3,193

2,949

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Section: Cell and Animal Adhesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

Butt

Cappella

Kappl

2005

Surface Science Reports

3,193

2,949

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“…Recent developments in experimental techniques to measure adhesive forces at the level of individual setae (Autumn et al, 2000 and spatulae (Kesel et al, 2003;Langer et al, 2004;Huber et al, 2005) are calling for more systematic theoretical and experimental studies of adhesion mechanisms in biology. A systematic study of biological adhesion mechanisms should be of interest not only to the understanding of biological systems but also to the development of novel adhesive materials or devices for engineering applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-inspired mechanics of reversible adhesion: Orientation-dependent adhesion strength for non-slipping adhesive contact with transversely isotropic elastic materials

Chen

Gao

2007

Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids

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Geckos and many insects have evolved elastically anisotropic adhesive tissues with hierarchical structures that allow these animals not only to adhere robustly to rough surfaces but also to detach easily upon movement. In order to improve our understanding of the role of elastic anisotropy in reversible adhesion, here we extend the classical JKR model of adhesive contact mechanics to anisotropic materials. In particular, we consider the plane strain problem of a rigid cylinder in nonslipping adhesive contact with a transversely isotropic elastic half space with the axis of symmetry oriented at an angle inclined to the surface. The cylinder is then subjected to an arbitrarily oriented pulling force. The critical force and contact width at pull-off are calculated as a function of the pulling angle. The analysis shows that elastic anisotropy leads to an orientation-dependent adhesion strength which can vary strongly with the direction of pulling. This study may suggest possible mechanisms by which reversible adhesion devices can be designed for engineering applications. r

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“…A number of biological studies (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) have found that arrays of setae are a common feature on the adhesion surfaces of many lizards and insects. In the biological literature, the shape, dimensions, and composition of setae from various species are described (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Also, the mechanical properties and adhesion force of a single gecko seta (7) and even a single spatula (17,18) were the subjects of recent investigations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biologically inspired crack trapping for enhanced adhesion

Glassmaker

Jagota

Hui

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

244

270

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We present a synthetic adaptation of the fibrillar adhesion surfaces found in nature. The structure consists of protruding fibrils topped by a thin plate and shows an experimentally measured enhancement in adhesion energy of up to a factor of 9 over a flat control. Additionally, this structure solves the robustness problems of previous mimic structures and has preferred contact properties (i.e., a large surface area and a highly compliant structure). We show that this geometry enhances adhesion because of its ability to trap interfacial cracks in highly compliant contact regimes between successive fibril detachments. This results in the requirement that the externally supplied energy release rate for interfacial separation be greater than the intrinsic work of adhesion, in a manner analogous to lattice trapping of cracks in crystalline solids.interface ͉ fracture ͉ fibrillar ͉ lattice trapping ͉ biomechanics T he ability to adhere two surfaces strongly together and then reversibly separate them, repeatedly, is a desirable capability that is rarely achievable using conventional fabrication techniques and materials. Nevertheless, fibrillar surfaces with these properties have evolved in nature on the adhesive surfaces of the feet of many lizards and insects. With such natural surfaces as inspiration, we have developed a fibrillar structure that produces a robust, reusable material with strongly enhanced adhesion compared with a flat control of the same material, with the enhancement resulting only from the modification of surface geometry.The essential feature that our surfaces borrow from biology is the seta, a hair-like bristle having a diameter of 0.5-10 m and terminating in one or more flattened, expanded tips (''spatulas'') at its contacting end. A number of biological studies (1-16) have found that arrays of setae are a common feature on the adhesion surfaces of many lizards and insects. In the biological literature, the shape, dimensions, and composition of setae from various species are described (1-5, 9-16). Also, the mechanical properties and adhesion force of a single gecko seta (7) and even a single spatula (17,18) were the subjects of recent investigations. An important conclusion to emerge from these two studies is that setal arrays use noncovalent surface forces to achieve adhesion, and evidence suggests that geckos rely primarily on van der Waals and capillary forces (8, 18). As a result, the surface architecture is the primary design variable that has been adjusted in biological systems by evolution.Because of the extraordinary adhesion ability of animals that possess setal arrays, several researchers have recently made an effort to mimic the biological setal geometry by using synthetic materials (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). It has been established theoretically that a fibrillar interface can increase both strength and interfacial toughness, compared with a flat control (21, 27-30). However, simple arrays of micropillars (19-21) have not exhibited stronger adhesion than flat control surfaces o...

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Adhesion measurements on the attachment devices of the jumping spiderEvarcha arcuata

Cited by 138 publications

References 34 publications

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

Bio-inspired mechanics of reversible adhesion: Orientation-dependent adhesion strength for non-slipping adhesive contact with transversely isotropic elastic materials

Biologically inspired crack trapping for enhanced adhesion

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