Adhesion forces between individual gold and polystyrene particles

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

“…But when the adhesion between two different pairs of particles with the same radius is compared, the large deviations are observed. The forces between spherical PS und Au particles did not show any dependence on number of contacts or on load for forces up to 1 mN [598]. The linear dependence on particle radius was also confirmed by Skulason and Frisbie [316] for even smaller radii using AFM tips.…”

Microparticle manipulation using inertial forces

“…These forces correspond well to the inertial force of 54± 17 nN at which the first particles start to move on the actuated substrate, and the upper limit of these forces is in the range where a large fraction of the particles move on the substrate. The spread of the friction forces for the two particles shows that friction is dependant on the particular particle, which has also been observed in singleparticle adhesion measurements by Heim et al 15 This is consistent with our observation that under the same drive conditions some particles move while others do not, which as stated above is likely due to surface imperfections, which indeed are observed in electron micrographs of the particles' surfaces.…”

Friction between Individual Microcontacts

“…The standard deviation was 183 nN. A variation of adhesion forces even between similar particles is a well-established fact (39)(40)(41)(42). In contrast, the variation of critical forces extrapolated from frictionversus-load curves was significantly smaller, the standard deviation of a single measurement was only 52 nN.…”