Adhesion barriers of carboxymethylcellulose and polyethylene oxide composite gels

Abstract

Composite gels and films of CMC and PEO have been used to separate healing tissues and have been demonstrated to reduce postsurgical adhesions in animal models of adhesion formation. Gels of CMC/PEO were studied here to elucidate the mechanism by which the combination of PEO with CMC is effective in reducing adhesions between tissues. CMC and PEO were demonstrated to undergo micro phase separation to form a two-phase system. Protein partitioning was measured in this system for albumin, fibrinogen, and gamma globulin. All of these proteins were found to partition preferentially into the CMC phase. When gels of CMC and PEO were examined for tissue adherence, the addition of PEO reduced the adherence of CMC to tissues. To further investigate the effects of PEO on tissue adherence of the gel, the extent of thrombus formation of citrated blood initiated by calcium chloride in CMC/PEO gels was measured in vitro. The extent of thrombus formation by CMC was reduced proportionally to the content of PEO in gels of CMC/PEO. A model was developed to explain how CMC and PEO contribute to the effectiveness of CMC/PEO gels that form a barrier between healing tissues to reduce postsurgical adhesions. In an open system PEO is released from the gel faster than CMC is dissolved, resulting in a shell structure with CMC coated by PEO. The PEO-rich outer layer functions to inhibit protein deposition and thrombus formation. The CMC-rich layer functions to anchor the gel to the tissue surface.

The prevention of peritoneal adhesions by in situ cross-linking hydrogels of hyaluronic acid and cellulose derivatives

“…We hypothesized that hybridization of HA with other biocompatible polysaccharides that are not degraded enzymatically in humans could slow degradation while preserving HA's excellent biocompatibility. Cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) [12][13][14][15] and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) [14] are also known to have good biocompatibility in the peritoneum. The biocompatibility of methyl cellulose (MC) in the peritoneum is not known, but the mixture of MC and HA has been reported to be biocompatible in intrathecal injection [16].…”

Comparison of Substances Used for Prevention of Intra-Abdominal Adhesions: An Experimental Study in Rats

“…11,18,19,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Daha önceki çalışmalarda PEO+CMS'nin bağır-saklar üzerinde irritan olmadığı ve kuvvetli adezyon önleyici etkiye sahip olduğu gösteril-miştir. 3,11,18,24,26,27 Bizim çalışmamızda da bu maddelerin kuvvetli adezyon önleyici etkisinin olduğu görüldü. Kullanılan maddeler içinde adezyon skoru en az bulunan, hidroksiprolin düzeyini en fazla düşüren, fibroblastik aktiviteyi azaltan ve periserozal irritasyon yapmayan en kuvvetli adezyon önleyici etkinin PEO+CMS'de olduğu tespit edildi.…”

Comparison of Oxiplex and Gore-Tex effectivity in an experimental peridural fibrosis model

“…Calcium chloride inducing ionic cross-links is added to the formulation to create stronger interaction between the components. This modification prolongs the permanence of the product in the body because carboxymethil cellulose is otherwise rapidly resorbed 19,24 . Previous studies using Oxiplex have shown a significant reduction in the degree of postoperative peridural fibrosis 32 .…”