Adherent-invasive E. coli metabolism of propanediol in Crohn’s disease regulates phagocytes to drive intestinal inflammation

The Short-Chain Fatty Acids Propionate and Butyrate Augment Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Virulence but Repress Inflammation in a Human Intestinal Enteroid Model of Infection

“…As shown in Figure 4D , propionate and butyrate increased flagellar gene expression and decreased capsular gene expression just as had been observed in Caco-2 coculture. The protective effect of propionate and butyrate on HIE-derived monolayers replicates what has been reported in vivo ( 22 – 26 ). This suggests that HIE-derived monolayers are better models of an intact intestinal epithelium than the Caco-2 monolayer.…”

Co‐occurrence of gut microbiota dysbiosis and bile acid metabolism alteration is associated with psychological disorders in Crohn's disease

“…Interestingly, the CD patients with significant depression/anxiety showed even lower alpha diversity than those without psychological issues, suggesting that the loss of microbial diversity in the gut microbiota might contribute to the development of psychological disorders in CD. Compositionally, the gut microbiota of CD patients was characterized by an enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae, a family known to enhance the inflammatory response in IBD, particularly the adherent‐invasive E. coli (AIEC) which can invade and replicate within epithelial cells, induce Th17 response, and upregulate pro‐inflammatory cytokines and fibrotic growth factors 50 . Due to the limited taxonomic resolution of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the colonization of AIEC cannot be confirmed in the CD population.…”

“…Compositionally, the gut microbiota of CD patients was characterized by an enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae, a family known to enhance the inflammatory response in IBD, particularly the adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) which can invade and replicate within epithelial cells, induce Th17 response, and upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibrotic growth factors. 50 Due to the limited taxonomic resolution of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the colonization of AIEC cannot be confirmed in the CD population. It has been demonstrated that colonization of enteropathogenic E. coli in germ-free mice can exacerbate the HPA response to restraint stress, 51 implicating their impact on the MGBx.…”

Species- and site-specific genome editing in complex bacterial communities

“…Using VcDART, we targeted unique loci within the community's E. coli strains that allowed for enrichment and isolation of specific strains carrying the loci of interest. We began by identifying clinically relevant sites that existed within the population of E. coli strains 21,22 . The loci, upstream of a fimbriae gene cluster and within a propanediol utilization gene cluster (Extended Data Fig.…”