Adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommendations and pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality: A prospective cohort study

Zhang, Zhiqing; Li, Qu-Jin; Hao, Fa‐Bao; Wu, You‐Qi‐Le; Liu, Shan; Zhong, Guo‐Chao

doi:10.1002/cam4.3348

Cited by 26 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This association was maintained after pooling the results of EPIC and two other studies [91]. By cancer type, in the latter studies, adherence to the WCRF recommendations was associated with lower breast, colorectal, and lung cancer mortality [91,92], though not with mortality from other cancers [91,93]. The EPIC study also encountered an association between high adherence to the WCRF score and lower colorectal cancer mortality; however, associations with other cancer types were not examined.…”

Section: Protective Factors Against Cancer Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 89%

The Role of Diet, Alcohol, BMI, and Physical Activity in Cancer Mortality: Summary Findings of the EPIC Study

et al. 2021

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Evidence on the impact of diet, alcohol, body-mass index (BMI), and physical activity on mortality due to cancer and other cancer-related outcomes is still scarce. Herein, we reviewed the contribution of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study to the current state of the art on the role of these factors in cancer mortality. We identified 45 studies using a rapid systematic review methodology. Dietary factors associated with reduced cancer mortality included raw vegetable intake; dietary fiber intake; the Mediterranean diet; other dietary scores; other diet patterns including low meat eaters, vegetarians/vegans, or fish eaters; dietary intake (or biomarkers) of some vitamins (e.g., vitamin D, vitamin K2, or Vitamin C); and intake of lignans. Physical activity and following healthy lifestyle recommendations also reduced cancer mortality risk. In contrast, dietary factors associated with higher cancer mortality risk included poor diet quality, consumption of alcohol and soft drinks including juice, and, to a lesser extent, intake of some fatty acids. Excess weight and obesity also increased the risk of cancer mortality. The EPIC study holds valuable information on diet and lifestyle factors and offers a unique opportunity to identify key diet-related factors for cancer mortality prevention.

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Section: Protective Factors Against Cancer Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 89%

The Role of Diet, Alcohol, BMI, and Physical Activity in Cancer Mortality: Summary Findings of the EPIC Study

et al. 2021

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“…Second, we added items to the questionnaire that enabled us to calculate the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) cancer prevention score [ 45 ]. Although the 2018 WCRF/AICR score is correlated with cancer incidence and mortality [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ] and is recommended for use in intervention studies as a standardized cancer prevention score [ 45 ], published data from intervention studies using the score as designed are still very limited. We added diet-related survey questions adapted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dietary screener questionnaire [ 19 ] and the Beverage and Snack Questionnaire [ 20 ] to assess: (1) fiber intake (g/day); (2) frequency of consuming ultra-processed foods (times/month); and (3) red and processed meat consumption (g/week) [ 19 , 21 ]; and (4) two questions adapted from the Alcohol Use Disorders Screening Test [ 22 ] to assess alcohol consumption (drinks/day).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Related Protocol Considerations and Modifications within a Rural, Community-Engaged Health Promotion Randomized Trial

Seguin‐Fowler

Eldridge²,

Graham³

et al. 2023

MPs

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Rural communities are at higher risk for physical inactivity, poor dietary behaviors, and related chronic diseases and obesity. These disparities are largely driven by built environment, socioeconomic, and social factors. A community-based cluster randomized controlled trial of an intervention, the Change Club, aims to address some of these disparities via civic engagement for built environment change. Baseline data collection began in February 2020, only to be paused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, the investigators evaluated multiple approaches for collecting data when the study resumed, focusing on Life’s Simple 7, and additional anthropometric, physiologic, and behavioral outcomes in rural and micropolitan (<50,000 population) communities in Texas and New York. Life’s Simple 7 includes fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, blood pressure, weight, physical activity, diet, and smoking. Rigor and feasibility were considered across a variety of in-person versus at-home measurement options. After a comprehensive input from participants, partners, staff, researchers, and the funding liaison, the study team chose self-measurement and use of validated questionnaires/surveys to measure the Life’s Simple 7 components. This case provides an example of how a study team might adjust data collection protocol during unexpected and acute events while giving consideration to rigor, feasibility, stakeholder views, and participants’ health and safety.

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“…These clustering factors related to lifestyle may interfere with pancreatic cellular physiology and contribute to the carcinogenesis of pancreas. 9,11,27,28 The rapid economic transition and modernization of Shanghai over the last century has triggered the westernization of lifestyle across successive generations, with more pronounced effect on the more recent generations. 29 Such an increased risk in successive birth cohorts among the Shanghai population was observed in other gastrointestinal cancers including colorectal cancer that has also been associated with lifestyle factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparities of birth cohort effects on pancreatic cancer incidence between the United States and urban China

et al. 2021

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Background: Pancreatic cancer has been associated with lifestyle factors, but few comparative studies were conducted among countries of different culture and lifestyle habits. This study compared the trends of pancreatic cancer incidence and birth cohort effects in the United States and urban China and explored the potential discrepancies of risk patterns. Materials and methods: Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) were calculated using data from national or regional cancer registries of the United States and two large cities of China (Shanghai, Hong Kong). The temporal trends of incidence were assessed by joinpoint regression. The effects of birth cohort and calendar period were identified through ageeperiodecohort modeling.Results: The ASIR in the United States from 1976 to 2015 was 8.26/100 000, which was higher than that in Hong Kong (4.29/100 000) and Shanghai of China (6.63/100 000). Shanghai had lower incidence (4.41/100 000) in 1976-1980 but increased annually by 1.38% in males and 1.67% in females, with a sharper upward trend than the United States and Hong Kong. Males had higher risks than females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.34, 1.44, and 1.37 in the United States, Hong Kong, and Shanghai, respectively. A significant and prominent increase in incidence rate was observed among successive generations in China particularly for Shanghai, but such a pattern was not apparent in the United States. Conclusions: The differences in pancreatic cancer incidence by sex may be multi-factorial involving known risk factors like tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. The significant birth cohort effects among recent and early generations in the Shanghai population were in line with a society in socioeconomic transition and adoption of Western lifestyle mainly including consumption of calorie-rich foods and physical inactivity. Differences in these risk patterns will have implications on health care efforts and policies for cancer control.

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Adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommendations and pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality: A prospective cohort study

Cited by 26 publications

References 40 publications

The Role of Diet, Alcohol, BMI, and Physical Activity in Cancer Mortality: Summary Findings of the EPIC Study

The Role of Diet, Alcohol, BMI, and Physical Activity in Cancer Mortality: Summary Findings of the EPIC Study

COVID-19 Related Protocol Considerations and Modifications within a Rural, Community-Engaged Health Promotion Randomized Trial

Disparities of birth cohort effects on pancreatic cancer incidence between the United States and urban China

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