ADHD prevalence and association with hoarding behaviors in childhood-onset OCD

Abstract

Background-It has been suggested that attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), both neurodevelopmental disorders with onset in childhood, are highly comorbid, but previous studies examining ADHD and OCD comorbidity have been quite variable, partly because of inconsistency in excluding individuals with tic disorders. Similarly, ADHD has been postulated to be associated with hoarding, although this potential relationship is largely methodologically unexplored. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of ADHD among individuals with childhood-onset OCD but without comorbid tic disorders, as well as to examine the relationship between clinically significant hoarding behaviors (hoarding) and ADHD.

Value-driven attentional capture

“…Value-driven attentional capture may play a key role in a variety of clinical syndromes in which both attention and reward have been critically implicated, including drug addiction (20)(21)(22), obesity (23), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (24), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (25). These conditions are highly comorbid (23,25), suggesting common underlying causal factors.…”

“…These conditions are highly comorbid (23,25), suggesting common underlying causal factors. We observed clear individual differences in, and patterns of correlation with, the magnitude of value-driven attentional capture: individuals with low visual working memory capacity and high trait impulsivity were the most vulnerable to the effect of stimulus value on involuntary attentional selection.…”

“…At the same time, however, attentional capture by reward-related stimuli (e.g., drugs of abuse, excessive food, or even irrelevant but rewarding information like an e-mail chime) can be maladaptive when it conflicts with contextually appropriate goals (e.g., intended abstinence from a drug or food) (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). This raises the possibility that valuable but inconspicuous stimuli capture attention involuntarily as a consequence of reward learning.…”

The Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and the Approaches to Treatment Resistance

“…Non-responsive patients are more likely to meet criteria for comorbid psychiatric disorders and the presence of a specific comorbid condition could be a distinguishing feature in OCD, with influence on the treatment adequacy and outcome (Pallanti & Quercioli, 2006). For example, conditions such as bipolar disorder and ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) are common in treatment-resistant patients, but there are only few studies investigating their impact on treatment resistance (Magalhães et al, 2010;Sheppard et al, 2010). The majority of the proposed treatment-resistance therapeutic options are not FDA approved, but they are strongly recommended on the basis of preclinical and clinical evidences.…”

Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) y potenciales evocados cognitivos: Relación delcomponente P300 con los perfiles neuropsicológicos

“…Existe evidencia de que el TDAH y el TOC frecuentemente son comórbidos con el Síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette, lo que podría sugerir una relación etiológica entre estos tres trastornos (de Geus et al, 2007;Gaze, Kepley, y Walkup, 2006;Kadesjo y Gillberg, 2000). Aunque la relación entre TDAH y TOC todavía no se ha comprendido bien, lo cierto es que en el TDAH se han encontrado reiteradamente relaciones significativas con el comportamiento acumulador (Iervolino et al, 2009;Mueller et al, 2009;Pallanti et al, 2011;Sheppard et al, 2010).…”