ADHD Is Associated With Early Initiation of Cigarette Smoking in Children and Adolescents

Milberger, Sharon; Biederman, Joseph; Faraone, Stephen V.; Chen, Lisa; Jones, Jon

doi:10.1097/00004583-199701000-00015

Cited by 445 publications

(304 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

273

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The psychostimulant properties of this drug, combined with easy access and decreased legal sanctions compared to nonprescribed stimulant or cocaine use, suggest that children with ADHD might be particularly susceptible to cigarette smoking in adolescence. Specifically, speculations have arisen regarding the propensity for children with ADHD to abuse stimulant-type substances because of the attention-enhancing pharmacologic properties in these drugs (e.g., tobacco, amphetamines, cocaine) that are similar to those of methylphenidate and other central nervous system (CNS) stimulants (Khanzian, 1997;Milberger et al, 1997). Laboratory-based studies of attentional performance have found improvements in vigilance with nicotine challenges for both ADHD and non-ADHD adults (Conners et al, 1996;Levin et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood predictors of adolescent substance use in a longitudinal study of children with ADHD.

Molina¹,

Pelham²

2003

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

589

547

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n ϭ 142) were prospectively monitored into adolescence (13-18 years old) to evaluate their risk for elevated substance use relative to same-aged adolescents without ADHD (n ϭ 100). Probands reported higher levels of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use than did controls. Group differences were apparent for alcohol symptom scores but not for alcohol or marijuana disorder diagnoses. Within probands, severity of childhood inattention symptoms predicted multiple substance use outcomes; childhood oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) symptoms predicted illicit drug use and CD symptoms. Persistence of ADHD and adolescent CD were each associated with elevated substance use behaviors relative to controls. Further study of the mediating mechanisms that explain risk for early substance use and abuse in children with ADHD is warranted.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood predictors of adolescent substance use in a longitudinal study of children with ADHD.

Molina¹,

Pelham²

2003

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

589

547

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Milberger and colleagues (Milberger, Biederman, Faraone, Chen, & Jones, 1997) reported significantly more cigarette smoking among adolescents with childhood ADHD than among control participants but not significantly more psychoactive substance use disorders . The latter finding is most likely attributable to the young average age of the participants (about 15 years).…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Childhood ADHD and Adolescent Substance Use: An Examination of Deviant Peer Group Affiliation as a Risk Factor.

Marshal¹,

Molina²,

Pelham³

2003

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

135

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Deviant peer group affiliation was evaluated as a risk factor for substance use in adolescents with childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Results showed that deviant peer affiliation mediated the relationship between ADHD and substance use, suggesting that children with ADHD are more likely than children without ADHD to become involved with deviant peers and, as a result, more likely to use substances. Moreover, the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and substance use was stronger for adolescents with ADHD, suggesting that once they are immersed in a deviant peer group, adolescents with ADHD are more vulnerable to the negative social influences of that group. This study is the first step in identifying high-risk pathways from childhood ADHD to substance use in adolescence.Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a persistent and pervasive mental health problem that first appears in childhood and comprises two primary symptom domains: (a) inattention and (b) impulsivity-hyperactivity (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Several decades of research have shown that clinically significant levels of ADHD symptoms interfere with academic and social functioning (Barkley, 1998). Indeed, children with ADHD-especially boys, who are six to nine times more likely than girls to have ADHD in clinic-referred settings-experience impairment in many areas of functioning that may cause significant adjustment problems later in life. For example, a recent review concluded that childhood ADHD continues to be a risk factor for academic, behavioral, and social functioning difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood (see Mannuzza & Klein, 1999).Within the domain of possible adverse behavioral outcomes for children with ADHD is early use of drugs and alcohol. Although there is controversy surrounding the magnitude and cause of the effect, children who are clinic referred for ADHD appear to be at risk for early substance use. For example, adolescents with childhood hyperactivity more often reported cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use than did control participants (Barkley, Fischer, Edelbrock, & Smallish, 1990), although the alcohol and marijuana group differences were Gittelman, Mannuzza, Shenker, and Bonagura (1985) reported more drug use disorders in their late adolescent males with childhood hyperactivity than in boys without childhood hyperactivity. With some exceptions for tobacco (Burke, Loeber, & Lahey, 2001;Milberger et al., 1997), substance use by adolescents with childhood ADHD is strongly associated with the development of conduct problems in these same individuals (Barkley et al., 1990;Gittelman et al., 1985). This result is not surprising given the robust, although imperfect, association between the two behavioral domains of substance use and conduct problems (Mason & Windle, 2002). The important, potentially mediating role of conduct problems is also consistent with theoretical models of early-onset alcoholism common among males (Sher, 1991;Zucker, Ellis, & Fitzge...

show abstract

“…63 A significantly more severe history of alcohol and drugs may be seen in adults with ADHD; 18,64 smoking is also common. 65 A higher incidence of sexually transmitted diseases 66 has been documented. The incidence of marital problems and the divorce rates are higher in individuals with ADHD.…”

Section: Functional Impairment (Criterion D)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…67 Lower schooling rates are also seen. 60,61,65 Adult who self-refer to ADHD specialized services may present higher indices of anxiety and depression than children with ADHD followed until adult life. 68,69 Despite the functional impairment being a major feature in the adult form of ADHD, it is not specific and can be found in several other disorders different from the ADHD.…”

Section: Functional Impairment (Criterion D)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…75 Many symptoms of the DMS-IV listed for the ADHD are identical or similar to symptoms listed in the diagnosis of other disorders, and the differential diagnosis demands a specialized evaluation. 65 Inattention, for example, is one of the symptoms listed for the diagnosis of mood disorder in the DSM-IV system.…”

Section: Understanding the Nature Of The Symptoms (Criterion E)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Painel brasileiro de especialistas sobre diagnóstico do transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (TDAH) em adultos

Mattos

Palmini

Salgado

et al. 2006

Rev. psiquiatr. Rio Gd. Sul

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Considerando-se as dificuldades atuais do diagnóstico do transtorno do déficit de atenção/hiperatividade em adultos, foram reunidos especialistas brasileiros que fazem pesquisas nesta área, de modo a produzir diretrizes de consenso para uso no país. Foi realizada uma revisão não-sistemática preliminar e concebido um texto inicial, que foi repetidamente avaliado e editado pelos autores, com acréscimos e correções ao longo de 6 meses, através de correio eletrônico e de uma reunião posterior, patrocinada pela Associação Brasileira do Déficit de Atenção. A versão preliminar foi apresentada publicamente durante o congresso anual da Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, com comentários e sugestões dos participantes, para a redação da versão final.

show abstract

ADHD Is Associated With Early Initiation of Cigarette Smoking in Children and Adolescents

Cited by 445 publications

References 48 publications

Childhood predictors of adolescent substance use in a longitudinal study of children with ADHD.

Childhood predictors of adolescent substance use in a longitudinal study of children with ADHD.

Childhood ADHD and Adolescent Substance Use: An Examination of Deviant Peer Group Affiliation as a Risk Factor.

Painel brasileiro de especialistas sobre diagnóstico do transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (TDAH) em adultos

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About