ADHD and Disruptive behavior scores – associations with MAO-A and 5-HTT genes and with platelet MAO-B activity in adolescents

Malmberg, Kerstin; Wargelius, Hanna‐Linn; Lichtenstein, Paul; Oreland, Lars; Larsson, Jan-Olov

doi:10.1186/1471-244x-8-28

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…By contrast with the earlier literature, where ND and CD were linked to same genetic background [23,30], ND was not found here to be related to either the subscale of "aggression towards people and animals" or the "solitary CD" or "childhood-onset CD" subtypes, in spite of the fact that these subtypes are known to be related to life-long persistent antisocial behaviour [31], which has a strong biological background [32]. It is interesting, however, that although the correlation between the number of CD symptoms and the level of ND was present in both genders, our results suggest that aggressive CD and ND are not related, at least in adolescence (before 18 years).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…Both the initiation of smoking and continuous smoking have been shown to have a strong genetic heritability of around 50%, as also has CD [20,21,22], and a group of candidate genes have been studied in an attempt to explain both phenomena [20,23,24]. Dopaminergic and serotonergic systems have been considered on account of their influence on smoking/nicotine dependence and CD, in view of the fact that, among many other things, both of these neurotransmitter systems mediate a wide spectrum of cognitive functions such as problem-solving under stress [25,26], leading to the hypothesis that dysfunction in these systems can cause aggressive behaviour [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is the severity of adolescent conduct disorder associated with the level of nicotine dependence?

Riala

Ilomäki

Hakko

et al. 2011

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Objective: Our aim was to investigate the relationship between the number of Conduct Disorder (CD) symptoms and specific DSM-IV symptom subscales (i.e. aggression towards people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules) and nicotine dependence (ND) among adolescent psychiatric inpatients in Finland. Methods Results:The total number of CD symptoms correlated with the level of ND among both the boys (adj. r= 0.31, p= 0.002) and the girls (adj. r=0.324, p= 0.006). For the boys the number of conduct symptoms correlated with the level of ND on all subscales except for aggression, while the only statistically significant correlation for the girls was found with the deceitfulness or theft subscale. A comorbid substance use disorder was statistically significantly associated with a high level of ND among both the boys (p< 0.001) and the girls (p=0.019). Conclusions:Our results suggest that both in adolescent boys and girls, the greater the number of CD symptoms, the higher the level of ND. Future studies are needed on the relationship between environmental factors, non-aggressive CD symptoms and the development of ND among adolescents with CD.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the severity of adolescent conduct disorder associated with the level of nicotine dependence?

Riala

Ilomäki

Hakko

et al. 2011

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…However, a population-based twin study found that homozygosity for the short MAOA-mVNTR allele was associated with disruptive behavior in boys 60 .…”

Section: Conduct Disorder and Aggressive/impulsive Behaviormentioning

confidence: 98%

O papel do polimorfismo funcional VNTR da região promotora do gene MAOA nos transtornos psiquiátricos

Nishioka¹,

Perin²,

Sampaio³

et al. 2011

Rev. psiquiatr. clín.

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Introduction: A functional variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism of the promoter region of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene has been described and many studies have investigated the association of this polymorphism with human behaviors, as well as with several psychiatric disorders. Objective: This study aimed to review the literature on the role of the VNTR functional polymorphism of the promoter region of the MAOA gene on the modulation of human behavior for the development of psychiatric disorders. Method: Searches on the Medline, Embase, Web of Science and PsycInfo databases were performed including works from January 1998 to June 2009. The words used were: "MAOA and human behavior" and "MAOA and psychiatry". Results: Several studies were found (N = 3,873). After the selection process, 109 papers were included in the review. There was found an association of MAOA low activity alleles with antisocial personality disorder, conduct disorder, ADHD, pathological gambling, and substance abuse. High activity alleles were associated with neuroticism, anorexia nervosa and depression and anxiety disorders. There was no association between the MAOA polymorphisms and bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Discussion: The main findings, summarized in this paper, support a role of MAOA VNTR polymorphism in some psychiatric disorders although some divergences were found due to methodological difficulties in genetic studies. In general, the studies associated the low activity alleles with impulsivity and aggressive behavior ("hyperactive behaviors"), and the high activity alleles of the gene with "hypoactive behaviors", such as depression and anxiety, which demonstrates a modulation of the MAOA enzyme in "hyperactive" and "hypoactive" disorders.

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“…In girls with ADHD, low platelet MAO-B activity was associated with symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder, and short mao-a VNTR variants were associated with disruptive behavior in boys (Malmberg et al 2008). Correlation of enzyme expression in the brain with that in peripheral tissues, however, has not been completely confirmed (Winblad et al 1979), suggesting the limits to interpreting platelet MAO-B activity as a marker of 5-HT and NE turnover in the brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Modulation of monoamine oxidase (MAO) expression in neuropsychiatric disorders: genetic and environmental factors involved in type A MAO expression

2015

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Monoamine oxidase types A and B (MAO-A, MAO-B) regulate the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain, and their dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis and influence the clinical phenotypes of neuropsychiatric disorders. Reversible MAO-A inhibitors, such as moclobemide and befloxatone, are currently employed in the treatment of emotional disorders by inhibiting the enzymatic degradation of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine in the central nervous system (CNS). It has been suggested that the irreversible MAO-B inhibitors selegiline and rasagiline exert a neuroprotective effect in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. This effect, however, is not related to their inhibition of MAO activity; in animal and cellular models, selegiline and rasagiline protect neuronal cells through their anti-apoptotic activity and induction of pro-survival genes. There is increasing evidence that MAO-A activity, but not that of MAO-B, is implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders, but also in gene induction by MAO-B inhibitors; on the other hand, selegiline and rasagiline increase MAO-A mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity levels. Taken together, these results suggest that each MAO subtype exerts effects that modulate the expression and activity of the other isoenzyme. The roles of MAO-A and -B in the CNS should therefore be re-evaluated with respect to the "type-specificity" of their inhibitors, which may not be unconditional during chronic treatment. Mao-a expression, in particular, may be implicated in pathogenesis and phenotypes in neuropsychiatric disorders. MAO-A expression is modified by mao polymorphisms affecting its transcriptional efficiency, as well as by mutations and polymorphism of parkin, Sirt1, FOXO, microRNA, presenilin-1, and other regulatory proteins. In addition, childhood maltreatment has been shown to have an impact upon adolescent social behavior in children with mao-a polymorphisms of low transcriptional activity. Low MAO-A activity may increase the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine, resulting in disturbed neurotransmitter system development and behavior. This review discusses genetic and environmental factors involved in the regulation of MAO-A expression, in the contexts of neuropsychiatric function and of the regulation of neuronal survival and death.

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ADHD and Disruptive behavior scores – associations with MAO-A and 5-HTT genes and with platelet MAO-B activity in adolescents

Cited by 41 publications

References 44 publications

Is the severity of adolescent conduct disorder associated with the level of nicotine dependence?

Is the severity of adolescent conduct disorder associated with the level of nicotine dependence?

O papel do polimorfismo funcional VNTR da região promotora do gene MAOA nos transtornos psiquiátricos

Modulation of monoamine oxidase (MAO) expression in neuropsychiatric disorders: genetic and environmental factors involved in type A MAO expression

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