Adenotonsillar microbiome: an update

Johnston, James; Douglas, Richard

doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-135602

Cited by 48 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Many studies have shown that the tonsils of patients with recurrent tonsillitis are colonized by a large number of bacteria, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic, showing that these agents possibly may play a role in the development of chronic tonsillar disease [ 1 , 7 , 21 , 25 ]. In patients undergoing adenoidectomy, for instance, there is a decrease in the detection of pathogenic agents in the nasopharyngeal region [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Colonization by Moraxella catarrhalis and Tonsillar Hypertrophy

Prates

Tamashiro

Proença-Módena

et al. 2018

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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We sought to investigate the prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in secretions and tonsillar tissues of children with chronic adenotonsillitis hypertrophy compared to controls. Prospective case-control study comparing patients between 2 and 12 years old who underwent adenotonsillectomy due to chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy to children without disease. We compared detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Moraxella catarrhalis by real-time PCR in palatine tonsils, adenoids, and nasopharyngeal washes obtained from 37 children with and 14 without adenotonsillar hypertrophy. We found high frequency (>50%) of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in both groups of patients. Although different sampling sites can be infected with more than one bacterium and some bacteria can be detected in different tissues in the same patient, adenoids, palatine tonsils, and nasopharyngeal washes were not uniformly infected by the same bacteria. Adenoids and palatine tonsils of patients with severe adenotonsillar hypertrophy had higher rates of bacterial coinfection. There was good correlation of detection of Moraxella catarrhalis in different sampling sites in patients with more severe tonsillar hypertrophy, suggesting that Moraxella catarrhalis may be associated with the development of more severe hypertrophy, that inflammatory conditions favor colonization by this agent. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are frequently detected in palatine tonsils, adenoids, and nasopharyngeal washes in children. Simultaneous detection of Moraxella catarrhalis in adenoids, palatine tonsils, and nasopharyngeal washes was correlated with more severe tonsillar hypertrophy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Colonization by Moraxella catarrhalis and Tonsillar Hypertrophy

Prates

Tamashiro

Proença-Módena

et al. 2018

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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“…In fact, according to some hypotheses, such symptoms are linked to the neuronal cells’ impairment or to ischemic harm of the central nervous system, but also to an increase in Interleukin-6 [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Otitis is an acute infection of the middle ear and occurs most often in children and it is mainly due to Pneumococcus , Haemophilus and Staphylococcus [ 5 , 22 , 43 ]. Several factors can increase or decrease the risk of appearance of a lung disease.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Respiratory Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Respiratory System and its Microbiome at a Glimpse

Santacroce

Charitos

Ballini

et al. 2020

Biology

132

101

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The recent COVID-19 pandemic promoted efforts to better understand the organization of the respiratory microbiome and its evolution from birth to adulthood and how it interacts with external pathogens and the host immune system. This review aims to deepen understanding of the essential physiological functions of the resident microbiome of the respiratory system on human health and diseases. First, the general characteristics of the normal microbiota in the different anatomical sites of the airways have been reported in relation to some factors such as the effect of age, diet and others on its composition and stability. Second, we analyze in detail the functions and composition and the correct functionality of the microbiome in the light of current knowledge. Several studies suggest the importance of preserving the micro-ecosystem of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microbes of the respiratory system, and, more recently, its relationship with the intestinal microbiome, and how it also leads to the maintenance of human health, has become better understood.

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“…The pathophysiology of recurrent tonsillitis in children has focussed on the microbiome of the pharynx. Cultivation studies have demonstrated numerous pathogenic bacteria in the pharynx in asymptomatic children and in those with recurrent tonsillitis [ 6 ]. Similar studies have demonstrated latent viral reservoirs which also may play a role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent tonsillitis and parental perceptions of tonsillectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic

Heward

Rocke

Kumar

et al. 2020

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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Objectives The coronavirus outbreak has triggered the implementation of nationwide social distancing measures. We aimed to investigate the impact on patients with recurrent tonsillitis and parental perceptions towards tonsillectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A telephone questionnaire was conducted for all children awaiting tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis after social distancing for 2 months at our centre. The COVID-19 lockdown period was compared with the 2 months prior to lockdown. Results Forty-four children had been social distancing at home during lockdown. There was a significant reduction in tonsillitis episodes during the 2-month lockdown period in comparison with 2 months prior to lockdown (p = 0.0001). In 70% (n = 31) of cases parents wanted their child's tonsillectomy during the coronavirus outbreak. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that viral exposure is a key factor in the pathophysiology of recurrent tonsillitis and that social distancing measures can reduce the frequency of recurrent tonsillitis. Despite the overall reduction in tonsillitis frequency during the lockdown period, the majority of parents wanted their child's tonsillectomy during the coronavirus outbreak. This demonstrates the impact tonsillitis has on the patient and their family's quality of life.

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Adenotonsillar microbiome: an update

Cited by 48 publications

References 26 publications

The Relationship between Colonization by Moraxella catarrhalis and Tonsillar Hypertrophy

The Relationship between Colonization by Moraxella catarrhalis and Tonsillar Hypertrophy

The Human Respiratory System and its Microbiome at a Glimpse

Recurrent tonsillitis and parental perceptions of tonsillectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic

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