The Relationship between Colonization by Moraxella catarrhalis and Tonsillar Hypertrophy

Abstract

We sought to investigate the prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in secretions and tonsillar tissues of children with chronic adenotonsillitis hypertrophy compared to controls. Prospective case-control study comparing patients between 2 and 12 years old who underwent adenotonsillectomy due to chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy to children without disease. We compared detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Moraxella catarrhalis by real-time PCR in palatine tonsils, adenoids, and nasopharyngeal washes obtained from 37 children with and 14 without adenotonsillar hypertrophy. We found high frequency (>50%) of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in both groups of patients. Although different sampling sites can be infected with more than one bacterium and some bacteria can be detected in different tissues in the same patient, adenoids, palatine tonsils, and nasopharyngeal washes were not uniformly infected by the same bacteria. Adenoids and palatine tonsils of patients with severe adenotonsillar hypertrophy had higher rates of bacterial coinfection. There was good correlation of detection of Moraxella catarrhalis in different sampling sites in patients with more severe tonsillar hypertrophy, suggesting that Moraxella catarrhalis may be associated with the development of more severe hypertrophy, that inflammatory conditions favor colonization by this agent. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are frequently detected in palatine tonsils, adenoids, and nasopharyngeal washes in children. Simultaneous detection of Moraxella catarrhalis in adenoids, palatine tonsils, and nasopharyngeal washes was correlated with more severe tonsillar hypertrophy.

Tonsillar Microbiota: a Cross-Sectional Study of Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis or Tonsillar Hypertrophy

“…Other studies have also identified that patients with OSA or TH have a higher relative abundance of Haemophilus ( 7 ) and Streptococcus ( 12 ) than RT patients. Moreover, the main species of Moraxella ( 13 ) and Neisseria ( 9 ) have also proven to be positively correlated with the occurrence of TH in previous research. Dialister ( 14 ), Aggregatibacter ( 15 ), and Atopobium ( 16 ), which were present significantly more in CT patients, have been demonstrated to be increased in several infective and inflammation-related diseases, including acute tonsillitis ( 16 ).…”

“…Moreover, the main species of Moraxella (13) and Neisseria (9) have also proven to be positively correlated with the occurrence of TH in previous research. Dialister (14), Aggregatibacter (15), and Atopobium (16), which were present significantly more in CT patients, have been demonstrated to be increased in several infective and inflammation-related diseases, including acute tonsillitis (16). Notably, Haemophilus and Neisseria, which have higher abundance in tonsillar microbiota type 3, were significantly increased in the TH patients, highlighting the potential role of these bacteria in the occurrence of TH (8,9).…”

Low prevalence of Moraxella catarrhalis in the patients who suffered from conjunctivitis in the southwest of Iran

“…Another point to consider about the bacterium M. catarrhalis is that its prevalence has rarely been evaluated by precise and sensitive molecular methods including PCR, real-time PCR, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification in ocular infections; while most studies of the presence of this bacterium in the respiratory specimens were done with molecular assessment in parallel with the conventional culture method [ 3 , 23 ]. This may indicate that the actual prevalence of this bacterium in ocular infections is lower than the original rate, as the use of molecular methods is much more specific and sensitive than the conventional culture method.…”

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“…Moraxella cataralis в нёбных миндалинах с их более выраженной гипертрофией [13]. Имеются исследования, результаты которых свидетельствуют о связи ГНМ с наличием биопленок микроорганизмов в их криптах [14].…”