Adenosine Deaminase Activity and Its Isoenzyme Pattern in Women with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions

Abstract

Normal pregnancy is characterized by suppressed cell-mediated immunity. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a purine metabolic enzyme enriched in trophoblast cells of the placenta. It is an early marker of trophoblast cell differentiation. Also, the activation of ADA gene expression in the placenta is crucial and essential for proper fetal development. The activity of ADA shows changes in diseases characterized by the alteration of cell-mediated immunity. The purpose of this study was to assess the possible role of the alteration of cell-mediated immunity in women with recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) as a cause of changes in tADA activity, and also to evaluate the extent of the contribution of ADA1 and ADA2 to changes of tADA activity in serum and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). We measured in serum and in PBLs activities of tADA, ADA1 and ADA2 of 25 married women with RSA (group A) and of 28 healthy non-pregnant women (group B). According to our results in women with RSA, mean serum tADA, ADA1 and ADA2 activities were significantly higher than those of non-pregnant women (p < 0.001, p < 0.05 and p < 0.05 respectively). In women with RSA, mean PBLs tADA, ADA1 and ADA2 activities were significantly higher than those of non-pregnant women (p < 0.001, p < 0.05 and p < 0.05 respectively). The findings of this study show a marked increase of serum and PBLs ADA activities, which is derived from an increase of ADA2 and ADA1 activity in women with RSA. These changes reflect cell-mediated immunological changes.

Adenosine deaminase activity in patients with ovarian neoplasms

“…There are several reports indicating that the increase or the decrease of ADA activities in the serum are due to the stimulation of cellular immunity for autoimmune diseases or obstetric complications such as preeclampsia, recurrent abortion or hyperemesis gravidarum [18][19][20][21]. ADA levels are used for the diagnosis of TB in different serosal fluid such as pleural, peritoneal and pericardial.…”

Changes in Serum Adenosine Deaminase Activity during Normal Pregnancy

“…However, to our knowledge, only few studies have been performed investigating the changes in serum ADA activity according to gestational age, and the clinical significance of changes in ADA activity throughout normal pregnancy has not been elucidated (14, 15). Several studies have shown that serum ADA activity is significantly increased in women with recurrent spontaneous abortions, preeclampsia, and hyperemesis gravidarum where enhanced cell-mediated immunity is thought to be an important pathogenesis (17-19). There have also been reports showing low levels of both maternal serum and placental ADA activity in anembryonic pregnancies and missed abortions (20).…”

Isoenzymes of Adenosine Deaminase and Metalloproteinases as Biomarkers in in Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer

“…The isoenzymic pattern of ADA activity in implantation derived by embryo transfer demonstrated a pronounced increase in the levels of tADA synthesized by fetal tissues, between the first two weeks of gestation. ADAI may also playa protective role at the hemochorial interface (7)(8). Thus, our results suggest thatADAl may have a modulatory role in the implantation and duration of the pregnancy.…”

“…ADA is a critical enzyme involved in mammalian embryogenesis. It is an early marker of trophoblast cell differentiation, and activating ADA gene expression in the placenta is crucial and essential for proper fetal development (7)(8). The enhanced expressions of gene encoding ADA may thus be an adaptation to protect the embryo against a lymphotoxic accumulation of purine nucleoside and to maintain an environment permissive to the survival ofT-lymphocytes, a mechanism involved in immunoprotection of the fetus.…”