Adenosine A 2A receptors (A 2A Rs) and cannabinoid CB 1 receptors (CB 1 Rs) are highly expressed in the striatum, where they functionally interact and form A 2A /CB 1 heteroreceptor complexes. We investigated the effects of CB 1 R stimulation in a transgenic rat strain over-expressing A 2A Rs under the control of the neural-specific enolase promoter (NSEA 2A rats) and in age-matched wild-type (WT) animals. The effects of the CB 1 R agonist WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) were significantly lower in NSEA 2A rats than in WT animals, as demonstrated by i) electrophysiological recordings of synaptic transmission in corticostriatal slices; ii) the measurement of glutamate outflow from striatal synaptosomes and iii) in vivo experiments on locomotor activity. Moreover, while the effects of WIN were modulated by both A 2A R agonist (CGS 21680) and antagonists (ZM 241385, KW-6002 and SCH-442416) in WT animals, the A 2A R antagonists failed to influence WIN-mediated effects in NSEA 2A rats. The present results demonstrate that in rats with genetic neuronal overexpression of A 2A Rs, the effects mediated by CB 1 R activation in the striatum are significantly reduced, suggesting a change in the stoichiometry of A 2A and CB 1 receptors and providing a strategy to dissect the involvement of A 2A R forming or not forming heteromers in the modulation of striatal functions. These findings add additional evidence for the existence of an interaction between striatal A 2A Rs and CB 1 Rs, playing a fundamental role in the regulation of striatal functions.