Adenosine 5′-triphosphate incorporated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) modified electrode: a bioactive platform with electroactivity, stability and biocompatibility

Abstract

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was potentiostatically polymerized onto gold electrode with adenosine 5 0 -triphosphate (ATP), an important biomolecule, as the counterion. Essential parameters to affect the impedance of the resultant polymer were studied in detail. Results show that 1.0 V, 0.1 M and 2.2 mC is the optimal deposition potential, dopant concentration and quantity of the passing charges, respectively. Surface topography was studied by AFM and the relationship between impedance and topography was discussed. Spontaneous release of ATP from PEDOT matrix was examined using UV-visible spectroscopy and impedance variation of the polymer modified electrode was monitored with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that ATP could be strongly bound with the polymer in the incubation medium and thus could realize its role as a cell binder in its implantable application. In vitro test further demonstrates that PC12 cell could adhere to and grow on the PEDOT/ATP modified electrode and cell attachment percentage was much higher than that of non-biomolecule doped PEDOT modified electrode. Moreover, stability of PEDOT/ATP in the biological reducing agent of glutathione (GSH) was much better than that of polypyrrole/ATP. Our work demonstrates that PEDOT/ATP modified electrode can be of a promising bioactive platform to be used for implantable neural recording devices due to its great stability and biocompatibility.

Electrochemical Aptasensor for Endocrine Disrupting 17β-Estradiol Based on a Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxylthiopene)-Gold Nanocomposite Platform

“…PEDOT coatings can be prepared by electrochemical polymerization in aqueous solution which allows the direct incorporation of water soluble anions [ 7 , 24 ]. Xiao and co-workers have developed an adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) doped PEDOT for neural recording [ 25 ]. A silver nanograin incorporating a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) modified electrode for electrocatalytic sensing of hydrogen peroxide by simple electrochemical method was reported recently by Balamurugan and his co-workers [ 26 ].…”

Bulk and Surface Electronic Properties of Inorganic Materials: Tools to Guide Cellular Behavior

“…Because of these negative effects, many research groups have studied possible surface modifications to increase the compatibility with in vitro and in vivo experiments. Many groups have shown that the deposition of electrically conductive polymers such as PPy, PDI‐Lys, or more recently PEDOT/ATP, provide increased stability and biocompatibility . Further research into composites containing carbon nanotubes shows increased conductivity and decreased impedance while maintaining biological compatibility .…”

Electroactive polymers for neural interfaces

“…Despite the solubility limitations of EDOT some studies show successful incorporation of biomolecules using only aqueous solution of biomolecule and EDOT. 68,69 Asplund et al 68 showed that heparin, hyaluronic acid and fibrinogen could be used as counterions in the electropolymerization of PEDOT using only aqueous solution and no surfactants. The formed PEDOT:heparin had electrochemical performance similar to PEDOT:PSS and also PEDOT:HA showed similar impedance behaviour.…”

“…Xiao et al 69 reported successful incorporation of adenosine 5 0triphosphate (ATP) into PEDOT from aqueous monomer ATP solution. ATP release from the film to solution was confirmed for the first two days whereafter it declined.…”