Addressing the Needs of the Rapidly Aging Society through the Development of Multifunctional Bioactive Coatings for Orthopedic Applications

Abstract

The unprecedented aging of the world’s population will boost the need for orthopedic implants and expose their current limitations to a greater extent due to the medical complexity of elderly patients and longer indwelling times of the implanted materials. Biocompatible metals with multifunctional bioactive coatings promise to provide the means for the controlled and tailorable release of different medications for patient-specific treatment while prolonging the material’s lifespan and thus improving the surgical outcome. The objective of this work is to provide a review of several groups of biocompatible materials that might be utilized as constituents for the development of multifunctional bioactive coatings on metal materials with a focus on antimicrobial, pain-relieving, and anticoagulant properties. Moreover, the review presents a summary of medications used in clinical settings, the disadvantages of the commercially available products, and insight into the latest development strategies. For a more successful translation of such research into clinical practice, extensive knowledge of the chemical interactions between the components and a detailed understanding of the properties and mechanisms of biological matter are required. Moreover, the cost-efficiency of the surface treatment should be considered in the development process.

Gentamicin Eluting 3D-Printed Implants for Preventing Post-Surgical Infections in Bone Fractures

“…25,26 Polymers of various classes, including naturally occurring polymers, synthetic polymers, and inorganic coating materials can be used as carrier material to prepare the coating solution. 27 Biodegradable polymers like PLGA(Poly lactide-co-glycolide) are the polymers of choice for such coating due to their biocompatibility, established safety, controllable release rate, and easy resorption inside the body after installation. 28−30 The PLGA-drug mixed coat acts as a matrix vehicle on the metal surface for therapeutic benefits of active agents and also assists with corrosion resistance, 31 wettability, 32 biocompatibility, 33 and osteointegration.…”

“…Various coating techniques have been explored to investigate their potential in preventing PSIs and implant-related infections, including electrospun coatings, electrophoretic deposition, lipid-based coating, spin-coating, plasma spraying, layer upon-layer addition, and 3D-printing based coatings . Among these techniques, multilayered loading has been actively investigated by utilizing an innovative airbrush technique appropriate for volatile organic-based solutions and slurries to form uniform coat layers on the implant surface. , Polymers of various classes, including naturally occurring polymers, synthetic polymers, and inorganic coating materials can be used as carrier material to prepare the coating solution . Biodegradable polymers like PLGA­(Poly lactide- co -glycolide) are the polymers of choice for such coating due to their biocompatibility, established safety, controllable release rate, and easy resorption inside the body after installation. − The PLGA-drug mixed coat acts as a matrix vehicle on the metal surface for therapeutic benefits of active agents and also assists with corrosion resistance, wettability, biocompatibility, and osteointegration …”

Comparison of bovine serum albumin and chitosan effects on calcium phosphate formation in the presence of silver nanoparticles

“…The ever-increasing number of hard tissue injuries and diseases, as a result of modern lifestyle and the aging population, motivates the research and development of novel bioimplant materials. 1,2 From the increased understanding of bone formation and biology on the one hand, and the problems related to implantation procedures, especially implant associated infections (IAIs), on the other hand, it became clear that implants should perform multiple functions. 2 They should be bioactive, allow good osseointegration, and have antimicrobial properties, to name just a few of the requirements.…”

“…1,2 From the increased understanding of bone formation and biology on the one hand, and the problems related to implantation procedures, especially implant associated infections (IAIs), on the other hand, it became clear that implants should perform multiple functions. 2 They should be bioactive, allow good osseointegration, and have antimicrobial properties, to name just a few of the requirements. 3,4 Since no single material can fulll all these requirements, the solution is sought in composite materials.…”

Antiblood Cell Adhesion of Mussel-Inspired Chondroitin Sulfate- and Caffeic Acid-Modified Polycarbonate Membranes

“…However, the clinical use of heparin is limited by the risk of hemorrhage, excessive bleeding, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Consequently, considerable efforts have been made in recent years to create safer anticoagulant materials without hemorrhagic complications . Recently, heparin mimetic or polysaccharides that have sulfate groups and anticoagulant biomaterials have also been applied as surface modification materials .…”