Additives in proton exchange membranes for low- and high-temperature fuel cell applications: A review

Wong, CS; Wong, Wai Yin; Ramya, K.; Khalid, Mohammad; Loh, Kee Shyuan; Daud, Wan Ramli Wan; Lim, Kean Long; Walvekar, Rashmi; Kadhum, Abdul Amir H.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.084

Cited by 232 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…In addition, although 10‐wt% PDMS catalyst had smaller ECSA than 20‐wt% PDMS catalyst, its high performance was attributed to the easier diffusion of oxygen to the cathode catalyst layer . The decrease in the electrical conductivity of the electrode with the addition of high amount of PDMS may cause decrease in the fuel cell performance …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PEMFC catalyst layer modification with the addition of different amounts of PDMS polymer in order to improve water management

Ungan

Yurtcan

2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary The balance between preventing water flooding and adequate humidification of the membrane will provide a significant contribution to proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell performance. For this purpose, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a hydrophobic polymer, was added to the catalyst layer of the fuel cell at different amounts including 5, 10, and 20 wt%. The performances of the fuel cells including PDMS were compared with the commercial catalyst. Morphological changes of the gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) were confirmed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the functional groups and contact angle measurements were used to determine the hydrophobic characteristics. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), impedance, and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) analysis were performed for electrochemical characterization and degradation behaviors. In situ PEM fuel cell tests were performed in order to define the best catalyst ink combination that include PDMS. The results of the cyclic voltammograms proved that the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) increased with the increasing amount of PDMS. The highest ECSA of 53.84 m2 g−1 was calculated for catalyst ink with 20‐wt% PDMS. The lowest ECSA loss after aging was observed in the catalyst ink with 10‐wt% PDMS. As a result, the catalyst layer having 10‐wt% PDMS showed the best polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 The decrease in the electrical conductivity of the electrode with the addition of high amount of PDMS may cause decrease in the fuel cell performance. 30…”

Section: Fuel Cell Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEMFC catalyst layer modification with the addition of different amounts of PDMS polymer in order to improve water management

Ungan

Yurtcan

2019

Int J Energy Res

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“…In the last few years, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), due to their appealing features such as a low working temperature range (60-100 • C) and high energy efficiency [1,2], emerged as a promising reply to the increasing request of renewable and green energy [3,4]. The hydrogen fuel of PEMFC mainly comes from reformate gases through the steam reforming reaction followed by water-gas shift.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Performing Au-Ag Bimetallic Catalysts Supported on Macro-Mesoporous CeO2 for Preferential Oxidation of CO in H2-Rich Gases

et al. 2020

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We report here an investigation on the preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in an H2-rich stream (CO-PROX reaction) over mono and bimetallic Au-Ag samples supported on macro-mesoporous CeO2. The highly porous structure of ceria and the synergistic effect, which occurs between the bimetallic Au-Ag system and the support, led to promising catalytic performance at low temperature (CO2 yield of 88% and CO2 selectivity of 100% at 60 °C), which is suitable for a possible application in the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The morphological, structural, textural and surface features of the catalysts were determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), N2-adsoprtion-desorption measurements, Temperature Programmed Reduction in hydrogen (H2-TPR), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, the catalytic stability of the best active catalyst, i.e., the AuAg/CeO2 sample, was evaluated also in the presence of water vapor and carbon dioxide in the gas stream. The excellent performances of the bimetallic sample, favored by the peculiar porosity of the macro-mesoporous CeO2, are promising for possible scale-up applications in the H2 purification for PEM fuel cells.

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“…In general, the PEMFCs are known to be low temperature fuel cells in comparison to solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). But recently, PEMFCs have evolved rapidly and broadly categorized into (i) low temperature (LT) PEMFC and (ii) high temperature (HT) PEMFC [1,2]. The HT-PEMFCs work in the temperature range of 120°C-200°C to avoid Pt catalyst poisoning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of protic ionic liquid concentration in proton conducting polymer electrolytes for improved electrical and thermal properties

Nair

Mohapatra

Garda

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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Protic ionic liquids (PILs) in the acidic medium are known to show higher ionic conductivity than neat PIL or PIL in alkaline media. Hence, polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) containing both PIL and acids are considered ideal for non-humidified intermediate temperature PEM fuel cells. Herein, we report non-aqueous proton conducting PEM made up of diethylmethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate; [dema][TfO] and neat phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) with poly (vinylidene fluoride-cohexafluoropropylene); PVDF-HFP as the host matrix. The presence of PIL significantly modified the structure and microstructure of the electrolyte films with the emergence of micropores in the PIL containing membranes. SEM images suggest leaching of PIL and phosphoric acid above 80 wt% of PIL in the electrolyte membranes. Thermogravimetric studies show that the dehydration in the PEM films due to phosphoric acid condensation at 100°C-200°C region is arrested by the presence of PIL. The maximum ionic conductivity at room temperature is ∼6.3×10 −4 S cm −1 at 40 wt% of [dema][TfO] addition, which is two orders higher than that of the primary electrolyte (PE) containing only phosphoric acid in PVDF-HFP. This high conductivity in PEM films can be correlated to the increase in polar β and γ phases as well as a drop in the total crystallinity fraction in the film. The study using dielectric spectroscopy reveals a strong coupling of ionic conductivity with the structural or segmental relaxation of the PVDF-HFP due to the presence of [dema][TfO] in the PEMs.

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Additives in proton exchange membranes for low- and high-temperature fuel cell applications: A review

Cited by 232 publications

References 146 publications

PEMFC catalyst layer modification with the addition of different amounts of PDMS polymer in order to improve water management

PEMFC catalyst layer modification with the addition of different amounts of PDMS polymer in order to improve water management

High-Performing Au-Ag Bimetallic Catalysts Supported on Macro-Mesoporous CeO2 for Preferential Oxidation of CO in H2-Rich Gases

Role of protic ionic liquid concentration in proton conducting polymer electrolytes for improved electrical and thermal properties

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