Additive manufacturing of ultra-high strength steels: A review

Li, K.; Yang, Tianbao; Gong, Na; Wu, Jinzhou; Wu, Xin; Zhang, Zhengwen; Murr, Lawrence E.

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.171390

Cited by 41 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 168 publications

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“…These steels are developed by adding various alloying elements to traditional alloy steels to (e) a casting used in a military transport aircraft JIMSE enhance their mechanical properties. According to the composition of the alloy elements, UHSSs are divided into low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steels (LUHSSs), medium-alloy ultrahigh-strength steels (MUHSSs) and high-alloy ultrahigh-strength steels (HUHSSs) (Li et al, 2023b). The yield strength of UHSSs is generally greater than 1,380 MPa (Niu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Cutting Of Advanced Aerospace Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic vibration cutting of advanced aerospace materials: a critical review of in-service functional performance

Peng,

Han,

Wang

et al. 2024

JIMSE

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PurposeUnconventional machining processes, particularly ultrasonic vibration cutting (UVC), can overcome such technical bottlenecks. However, the precise mechanism through which UVC affects the in-service functional performance of advanced aerospace materials remains obscure. This limits their industrial application and requires a deeper understanding.Design/methodology/approachThe surface integrity and in-service functional performance of advanced aerospace materials are important guarantees for safety and stability in the aerospace industry. For advanced aerospace materials, which are difficult-to-machine, conventional machining processes cannot meet the requirements of high in-service functional performance owing to rapid tool wear, low processing efficiency and high cutting forces and temperatures in the cutting area during machining.FindingsTo address this literature gap, this study is focused on the quantitative evaluation of the in-service functional performance (fatigue performance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance) of advanced aerospace materials. First, the characteristics and usage background of advanced aerospace materials are elaborated in detail. Second, the improved effect of UVC on in-service functional performance is summarized. We have also explored the unique advantages of UVC during the processing of advanced aerospace materials. Finally, in response to some of the limitations of UVC, future development directions are proposed, including improvements in ultrasound systems, upgrades in ultrasound processing objects and theoretical breakthroughs in in-service functional performance.Originality/valueThis study provides insights into the optimization of machining processes to improve the in-service functional performance of advanced aviation materials, particularly the use of UVC and its unique process advantages.

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Section: Cutting Of Advanced Aerospace Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic vibration cutting of advanced aerospace materials: a critical review of in-service functional performance

Peng,

Han,

Wang

et al. 2024

JIMSE

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“…The conditions of forging tool operations require technologists to properly select the tool material so that it can maximally fulfill the expectations related to their work [33,34]. Among the available hot operation tool steels, no specific grade can simultaneously meet all these demands, one of the reasons being that some of them are contradictory [35,36]. So, in order to properly choose the tool material, we need to largely depend on the experience of the tool steel producers as well as the users of the tools, i.e., die forges [37,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibilities of Increasing the Durability of Dies Used in the Extrusion Process of Valve Forgings from Chrome-Nickel Steel by Using Alternative Materials from Hot-Work Tool Steels

Hawryluk,

Janik,

Zwierzchowski

et al. 2024

Materials

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This study refers to an analysis of the dies used in the first operation of producing a valve forging from chromium-nickel steel NC3015. The analyzed process of manufacturing forgings of exhaust valves is realized in the co-extrusion technology, followed by forging in closed dies. This type of technology is difficult to master, mainly due to the increased adhesion of the charge material to the tool substrate as well as the complex conditions of the tools’ operations, which are caused by the cyclic thermo-mechanical loads and also the hard tribological conditions. The average durability of tools made from tool steel WLV (1.2365), subjected to thermal treatment and nitriding, equals about 1000 forgings. In order to perform an in-depth analysis, a complex analysis of the presently realized technology was conducted in combination with multi-variant numerical simulations. The obtained results showed numerous cracks on the tools, especially in the cross-section reduction area, as well as sticking of the forging material, which, with insufficient control of the tribological conditions, can cause premature wear of the dies. In order to increase the durability of forging dies, alternative materials made of hot work tool steels were used: QRO90 Supreme, W360, and Unimax. The preliminary tests showed that the best results were obtained for QRO90, as the average durability for the tools made of this steel equaled about 1200 forgings (with an increase in both the minimal and maximal values), with reference to the 1000 forgings for the material applied so far.

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“…45 steel produces a large amount of scrap due to its low surface hardness and poor wear resistance [1][2][3]. Scanning electron beam can effectively change the surface microstructure and improve surface performance, due to its "uniform energy density distribution, sudden heating and rapid cooling" characteristics [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of alloy composition on the 45 steel microstructure and properties of scanning electron beam surface alloying

Li,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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In order to improve the surface properties of 45 steel, the effects of different scanning electron beam treatments on the surface properties of 45 steel were studied. The research results indicate that after scanning electron beam surface alloying (SEBSA) treatment, in addition to forming needle like martensite, carbides (tungsten carbide and molybdenum carbide) also exist in the alloying zone of the strengthening layer, moreover, the grains become finer. After scanning electron beam alloying treatment, the surface hardness reached 1250HV, which is 5-6 times the substrate. Compared with the wear loss of the matrix, the wear resistance of the sample after SEBSA treatment increased by nearly six times.

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Additive manufacturing of ultra-high strength steels: A review

Cited by 41 publications

References 168 publications

Ultrasonic vibration cutting of advanced aerospace materials: a critical review of in-service functional performance

Ultrasonic vibration cutting of advanced aerospace materials: a critical review of in-service functional performance

Possibilities of Increasing the Durability of Dies Used in the Extrusion Process of Valve Forgings from Chrome-Nickel Steel by Using Alternative Materials from Hot-Work Tool Steels

Effect of alloy composition on the 45 steel microstructure and properties of scanning electron beam surface alloying

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