“…The production of hybrid scaffolds as the combination of layers of biodegradable polymer poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and layers of chitosan in combination with HA by electrospinning method resulted in continuous micro- and nano-fibers with high surface area and micropores that provided optimal attachment and proliferation of SaOS2 OS cells with high mineralisation activity [102] . Bioprinting methods have been also used to produce hybrid hydroxyapatite-chitosan-genipin hydrogels to analyse nanomechanical properties of generated bone tissue [103] . Bioprinter hybrid scaffolds resulted in a good structured TME that favoured 3D MG63 OS cell adhesion, culture and proliferation [103] , indicating that bioprinting methods constitute interesting platforms to analyse how the composition and architecture of ECM impact bone mineralisation.…”
Section: D Culture Methods Of Primary Bone Tumoursmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bioprinting methods have been also used to produce hybrid hydroxyapatite-chitosan-genipin hydrogels to analyse nanomechanical properties of generated bone tissue [103] . Bioprinter hybrid scaffolds resulted in a good structured TME that favoured 3D MG63 OS cell adhesion, culture and proliferation [103] , indicating that bioprinting methods constitute interesting platforms to analyse how the composition and architecture of ECM impact bone mineralisation. Fig.…”
Section: D Culture Methods Of Primary Bone Tumoursmentioning
Highlights
3D cell cultures present similar drugs resistance features than
in vivo
tumours.
Unlike 2D cell cultures, 3D culture approaches mimic better the tumour microenvironment.
Collagen scaffolds result in a better osteosarcoma 3D proliferation than soft hydrogels.
Osteosarcoma 3D models constitute an appealing approach for bone mineralisation studies.
Combination of microfluidic/bioprinting technology with bone 3D cultures as ideal tools to study bone sarcomas.
“…The production of hybrid scaffolds as the combination of layers of biodegradable polymer poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and layers of chitosan in combination with HA by electrospinning method resulted in continuous micro- and nano-fibers with high surface area and micropores that provided optimal attachment and proliferation of SaOS2 OS cells with high mineralisation activity [102] . Bioprinting methods have been also used to produce hybrid hydroxyapatite-chitosan-genipin hydrogels to analyse nanomechanical properties of generated bone tissue [103] . Bioprinter hybrid scaffolds resulted in a good structured TME that favoured 3D MG63 OS cell adhesion, culture and proliferation [103] , indicating that bioprinting methods constitute interesting platforms to analyse how the composition and architecture of ECM impact bone mineralisation.…”
Section: D Culture Methods Of Primary Bone Tumoursmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bioprinting methods have been also used to produce hybrid hydroxyapatite-chitosan-genipin hydrogels to analyse nanomechanical properties of generated bone tissue [103] . Bioprinter hybrid scaffolds resulted in a good structured TME that favoured 3D MG63 OS cell adhesion, culture and proliferation [103] , indicating that bioprinting methods constitute interesting platforms to analyse how the composition and architecture of ECM impact bone mineralisation. Fig.…”
Section: D Culture Methods Of Primary Bone Tumoursmentioning
Highlights
3D cell cultures present similar drugs resistance features than
in vivo
tumours.
Unlike 2D cell cultures, 3D culture approaches mimic better the tumour microenvironment.
Collagen scaffolds result in a better osteosarcoma 3D proliferation than soft hydrogels.
Osteosarcoma 3D models constitute an appealing approach for bone mineralisation studies.
Combination of microfluidic/bioprinting technology with bone 3D cultures as ideal tools to study bone sarcomas.
“…The results are shown in Figure 4 and demonstrated that the MS/CS scaffold had good in vitro bioactivity, as seen with the initial increases in the mechanical properties during immersion. Therefore, the MS/CS scaffold mimics the physicomechanical properties of cancellous bone, which has been identified as an effective method to build a bone tissue regeneration scaffold [41,42].…”
Section: Degradation and Mechanical Properties Of The Ms/cs Scaffoldmentioning
Tissue engineering and scaffolds play an important role in tissue regeneration by supporting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The design of a scaffold is critical in determining its feasibility, and it is critical to note that each tissue is unique in terms of its morphology and composition. However, calcium-silicate-based scaffolds are undegradable, which severely limits their application in bone regeneration. In this study, we developed a biodegradable mesoporous calcium silicate (MS)/calcium sulfate (CS)/poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) composite and fabricated a composite scaffold with 3D printing technologies. In addition, we were able to load bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) into MS powder via a one-step immersion procedure. The results demonstrated that the MS/CS scaffold gradually degraded within 3 months. More importantly, the scaffold exhibited a gradual release of BMP-2 throughout the test period. The adhesion and proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells on the MS/CS/BMP-2 (MS/CS/B) scaffold were significantly greater than that on the MS/CS scaffold. It was also found that cells cultured on the MS/CS/B scaffold had significantly higher levels of alkaline phosphatase activity and angiogenic-related protein expression. The MS/CS/B scaffold promoted the growth of new blood vessels and bone regeneration within 4 weeks of implantation in rabbits with induced critical-sized femoral defects. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the 3D-printed MS/CS/B scaffold can act both as a conventional BMP-2 delivery system and as an ideal osteoinductive biomaterial for bone regeneration.
“…It is worth noting that, in recent years, AM of polymeric composites (and other types of materials) in tissue engineering has become increasingly popular in scientific societies, especially in the medical field [ 60 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ]. It should be mentioned that the significant parameter of “CLTE” (coefficient of linear thermal expansion) is in the following form [ 80 ], …”
In this research article, a mini-review study is performed on the additive manufacturing (AM) of the polymeric matrix composites (PMCs) and nanocomposites. In this regard, some methods for manufacturing and important and applied results are briefly introduced and presented. AM of polymeric matrix composites and nanocomposites has attracted great attention and is emerging as it can make extensively customized parts with appreciably modified and improved mechanical properties compared to the unreinforced polymer materials. However, some matters must be addressed containing reduced bonding of reinforcement and matrix, the slip between reinforcement and matrix, lower creep strength, void configurations, high-speed crack propagation, obstruction because of filler inclusion, enhanced curing time, simulation and modeling, and the cost of manufacturing. In this review, some selected and significant results regarding AM or three-dimensional (3D) printing of polymeric matrix composites and nanocomposites are summarized and discuss. In addition, this article discusses the difficulties in preparing composite feedstock filaments and printing issues with nanocomposites and short and continuous fiber composites. It is discussed how to print various thermoplastic composites ranging from amorphous to crystalline polymers. In addition, the analytical and numerical models used for simulating AM, including the Fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing process and estimating the mechanical properties of printed parts, are explained in detail. Particle, fiber, and nanomaterial-reinforced polymer composites are highlighted for their performance. Finally, key limitations are identified in order to stimulate further 3D printing research in the future.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
