Additive‐Free, Low‐Temperature Crystallization of Stable α‐FAPbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite

Du, Tao; Macdonald, Thomas J.; Yang, Ruo Xi; Li, Meng; Jiang, Zhongyao; Mohan, Lokeshwari; Xu, Weidong; Su, Zhenhuang; Gao, Xingyu; Whiteley, Richard M.; Lin, Chieh‐Ting; Min, Ganghong; Haque, Saif A.; Durrant, James R.; Persson, Kristin A.; McLachlan, Martyn A.; Briscoe, Joe

doi:10.1002/adma.202107850

Cited by 87 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In addition, by fitting the line-cut profile along out-of-plane direction of (111) plane, the corresponding q z (out-of-plane) and q xy (in-plane) are extracted. [18,24] The obtained q z increases from 0.983 Å À 1 (x = 0) to 0.992 Å À 1 (x = 0.2) and the calculated lattice constant decreases from 6.391 Å (x = 0) to 6.334 Å (x = 0.2), which also supports the released tensile strain along out-of-plane direction.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…As shown in Figure 1b, the calculated value of residual strain is positive, representing there is tensile strain in the out-of-plane direction. [18] Compared with the control film, the tensile strain in AA-contained films is released, while the most pronounced composition is x = 0.2. In addition, the XRD peaks at around 14°gradually shift to a higher angle region with the increased ratio of AA (Figure S2), indicating the decreased lattice parameter which is consistent with the relaxation of tensile strain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Impact of Strain Relaxation on 2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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Although the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached the commercial standards, the unsatisfactory stability limits their further application. Hydrophobic interface and encapsulation can block the damage of water and oxygen, while the instability induced by intrinsic residual strain remains inevitable. Here, the residual strain in a twodimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskite film is investigated by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. It's found that the spacer cations contribute to the residual strain even though they are not in the inorganic cages. Benefited from strain relaxation, the film quality is improved, leading to suppressed recombination, promoted charge transport and enhanced efficiency. More significantly, the strain-released devices maintain 86 % of the initial efficiency after being kept in air with 85 % relative humidity (RH) for 1080 h, 82 % under maximum power point (MPP) tracking at 50 °C for 804 h and 86 % after continuous heating at 85 °C for 1080 h.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of Strain Relaxation on 2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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“…Du et al reported an aerosol-assisted crystallization obtaining α-FAPbI 3 demonstrating remarkably enhanced stability compared to the 150 °C annealed counterparts. [161] Similarly, Cheng et al reported a FA vapor-assisted cation-exchange pathway to achieve the phase transition from δ-to-α phase at 100 °C. [162] Notably, Hui et al stabilized the α-FAPbI 3 based on a vertically aligned lead iodide thin film grown from an IL, methylamine formate.…”

Section: Composition Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 98%

Low‐Temperature‐Processed Stable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules: A Comprehensive Review

Reddy

Giacomo

Carlo

2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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their mixture while the halide anion X is usually equal to I − , Br − , Cl − , or a mixture of them, is rewarded as the most promising materials for the next generation photovoltaics. The record power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have recently reached an unprecedented values of 25.7% on singlejunction small scale devices and 17.9% for areas over 800 cm 2 , [1] which are now close to that of the crystalline silicon solar cells. The origin of such high performances is attributed to the appealing photo-physical properties, including strong optical absorption, tunable bandgap, long carrier lifetimes, high carrier mobilities, and low mid-gap state densities. [2] Therefore, PSCs offer a promi sing prospect for future commercialization. Regardless of the several advantages, PSCs still need to solve several issues before scaling up at the industrial level.One of the major concerns in the PSC community is the operational stability of the devices. Unlike silicon solar cells, which are stable for over 25 years or more, [3] PSCs still lag behind, showing inferior stabilities. In particular, literature on low-temperature-processed devices demonstrated relatively lower stabilities when compared to the high-temperature ones. [4] However, through this review we show that the stability progress is on par with the high-temperature ones. Usually, the low operational stability of the devices is due to a number of factors, including oxygen, moisture, light, temperature, and electrical bias. To overcome the stability issue, identification of the origins of these instabilities is indispensable. However, various reports present results without providing all the parameters that are essential for understanding and comparing. Incomplete data reporting leads to great difficulty in understanding the multiple instabilities. Thanks to the consensus agreement among the PSC community, a robust stability testing protocol has now been employed. [5] Moreover, a template for reporting stability results has now been provided to ensure reliability and a better understanding of the instabilities. Various stability measurements help in identifying the type of instability existing in the devices. These stability measurements include dark storage studies (ISOS-D), light soaking tests (ISOS-L), outdoor stability studies (ISOS-O), thermal cycling in the dark (ISOS-T), light-humidity-thermal cycling (ISOS-LT), lightdark-cycling (ISOS-LC), intrinsic stability testing (ISOS-I), and electrical bias in the dark (ISOS-V). [5] The impending commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is plodding despite the booming power conversion efficiencies and high stabilities. Most high-performance, stable PSCs are often processed partially with hightemperature processes, increasing the cost of production and energy payback time. Low-temperature-processed PSCs are crucial as they cut down the expenses lowering the barriers to industrial use. In addition, low-temperatureprocessed methods have a wide range of applicability in flexible devices and for tandem applicatio...

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“…As a result, high‐quality α‐FAPbI 3 films were obtained at a lower phase transition temperature (100 °C), and the phase stability of α‐FAPbI 3 was significantly improved by adjusting the residual strain. [ 72 ]…”

Section: The Strategies To Obtain Stable α‐Fapbi3 For Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on the Phase Stabilization of FAPbI₃ for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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Generally, the 3D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite has a formula of ABX 3 , where A is a monovalent cation FA, MA, or Cs þ , B is a divalent metal cation (Pb 2þ or Sn 2þ ), and X is a halide anion (I À , Br À , or Cl À ), as shown in Figure 1a. [14] B locates at the center of octahedron, and A occupies eight vertex angles of the facecentered cubic lattice, forming a cubic perovskite structure. Considering that all the ions of perovskites are tightly packed,

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Additive‐Free, Low‐Temperature Crystallization of Stable α‐FAPbI₃ Perovskite

Abstract: The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202107850.

Cited by 87 publications

References 39 publications

Impact of Strain Relaxation on 2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells

Impact of Strain Relaxation on 2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells

Low‐Temperature‐Processed Stable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules: A Comprehensive Review

Recent Progress on the Phase Stabilization of FAPbI₃ for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

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Additive‐Free, Low‐Temperature Crystallization of Stable α‐FAPbI3 Perovskite

Abstract: The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202107850.

Cited by 87 publications

References 39 publications

Impact of Strain Relaxation on 2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells

Impact of Strain Relaxation on 2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells

Low‐Temperature‐Processed Stable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules: A Comprehensive Review

Recent Progress on the Phase Stabilization of FAPbI3 for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

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Additive‐Free, Low‐Temperature Crystallization of Stable α‐FAPbI₃ Perovskite

Recent Progress on the Phase Stabilization of FAPbI₃ for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells