Additional renal arteries incidence and morphometry

Abstract

Advances in surgical and uro-radiological techniques dictate a reappraisal and definition of renal arterial variations. This retrospective study aimed at establishing the incidence of additional renal arteries. Two subsets were analysed viz.: a) Clinical series--130 renal angiograms performed on renal transplant donors, 32 cadaver kidneys used in renal transplantation b) Cadaveric series--74 en-bloc morphologically normal kidney pairs. The sex and race distribution was: males 140, females 96; African 84, Indian 91, White 43 and "Coloured" 18, respectively. Incidence of first and second additional arteries were respectively, 23.2% (R: 18.6%; L: 27.6%) and 4.5% (R: 4.7%; L: 4.4%). Additional arteries occurred more frequently on the left (L: 32.0%; R: 23.3%). The incidence bilaterally was 10.2% (first additional arteries, only). The sex and race incidence (first and second additional) was: males, 28.0%, 5.1%; females, 16.4%, 3.8% and African 31.1%, 5.4%; Indian 13.5%, 4.5%; White 30.9%, 4.4% and "Coloured" 18.5%, 0%; respectively. Significant differences in the incidence of first additional arteries were noted between sex and race. The morphometry of additional renal arteries were lengths (cm) of first and second additional renal arteries: 4.5 and 3.8 (right), 4.9 and 3.7 (left); diameters: 0.4 and 0.3 (right), 0.3 and 0.3 (left). Detailed morphometry of sex and race were also recorded. No statistically significant differences were noted. Our results of the incidence of additional renal arteries of 27.7% compared favourably to that reported in the literature (weighted mean 28.1%). The study is unique in recording detailed morphometry of these vessels. Careful techniques in the identification of this anatomical variation is important since it impacts on renal transplantation surgery, vascular operations for renal artery stenosis, reno-vascular hypertension, Takayasu's disease, renal trauma and uro-radiological procedures.

Estudo do padrão arterial de 200 pedículos renais por meio de angiotomografias

“…Most published anatomical studies regarding renal arteries are based on autopsies or anatomical parts. In this case, multiple renal arteries occurred in a greater numbers than that reported in the review of Satyapal et al 7 (28.2%). Sampaio and Passos 8 found a single renal artery in 55.3% of pedicles studied and multiple arteries in only 30.4%.…”

“…Sampaio and Passos 8 found a single renal artery in 55.3% of pedicles studied and multiple arteries in only 30.4%. The presence of bilateral, multiple renal arteries was also higher (41% of the studied pedicles versus 10.2% described by Satyapal et al 7 ). There was no difference as for gender and laterality.…”

“…Conformations differ from the pattern in 33% of men and 20% of women. In relation to ethnicity, 37% of African Americans, 35% of Caucasians and 17% of Native Americans present with renal vascular particularities 7 . Variations in renal arteries have been called ancillary, aberrant, dysfunctional, supernumerary, supplementary, among other terms.…”

Accessory Renal Arteries: A Cadaveric Study

“…Most workers have found accessory arteries in 15-35% of the kidneys in their studies [8][9][10][11][12][13] . However Budhiraja 14 reported 11.66% and Elvira Talovic 6 reported 46.15%.…”

Management of Pain in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Anatomy of Renal Innervation

“…Multiple renal arteries are present in 28% of patients, based on a review of the anatomy of renal arteries. 40 Renal innervation follows each artery entering the kidney, 10 implying that renal denervation would need to be performed around each artery.…”