Addition of muramyl tripeptide to chemotherapy for patients with newly diagnosed metastatic osteosarcoma

Abstract

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FTIR, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and viscosity methods were used to examine the miscibility, interaction, and degradability of cationic guar gum (GG) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) in their blend films. The experiment results prove that there exist electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding between GG and NaCMC. Blend films degrade quicker than pure GG or NaCMC film. Furthermore, the degradation rate of blend films is related to the interactions between GG and NaCMC. Based on the research of blend films as the drug carriers for Ibuprofen, it is found that the blend composition, initial drug concentration, and pH value affect the drug release and the GG/NaCMC blend films have good sustained release performance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3553–3559, 2007

Review of Osteosarcoma and Current Management

“…Liposomal muramyl tripeptide phosphatidyl ethanolamine (liposomal MTP-PE) is a promising agent that functions to induce endogenous IL-12 and thus provides the effect of IL-12 without the toxicity. In a recent Children’s Oncology Group (COG) phase III trial, liposomal MTP-PE improved overall survival regardless of treatment regimen [45, 132]. …”

Strategies and developments of immunotherapies in osteosarcoma

“…A 2008 report demonstrated that the addition of MTP-PE in concurrent therapy was able to improve overall survival from 70 to 78% (14). Additionally, in patients exhibiting primary metastatic OS, improvements in event-free and overall survival were observed, however, statistical analysis was not able to achieve a conventional level of statistical significance (15). A compassionate study of L-MTP-PE treatment for patients with metastatic and recurrent OS was completed in December 2012, and additionally demonstrated a survival advantage for the patients who were administered L-MTP-PE (16).…”

Mechanisms of therapy resistance in osteosarcoma: a review

“…Non-proliferative states are found in quiescent cells, cells with stem-cell like phenotypes and dormant cells [29][30][31]. NBDHEX [80] GST NBDHEX [79,80] V Increased DNA repair (ATM/DNA-PK) γH2AX [81] APE-1 [82] ERCC2 or XPD gene [83] γH2AX si-γH2AX [81] γH2AX miR-138 overexpression [81] APE-1 si-APE1 [82] VI Apoptosis resistance p53/BAX/NOXA/PUMA/p53AIP1 [43,55] p53/MDM2 Nutlin(-3a) [105,106] Fas [84,[90][91][92][93] Fas IL-12 [84,91,93] Fas Gemcitabine [21,90] Fas Liposomal MTP-PE [97,[107][108][109][110][111][112][113] FasL Ifosfamide [84,90] NF-κB/Survivin [64] JNK/c-Jun/AP-1 [65,94] cancer stem cells that have characteristics similar to normal/ healthy stem cells but give rise to cell populations that do not mature into fully differentiated cells but rather cells that hold the ability to divide infinitely, thus producing cancer cells. Many solid tumours are known to contain small populations of stem-like cells, or cancer stem cells [32,33].…”

“…Combination therapy of liposome encapsuled MTP-PE with conventional treatment agents has been proven to enhance therapy efficacy in vitro, in vivo and in trial setting [107][108][109][110]. The addition of liposomal MTP-PE to conventional treatment schedules has been shown to give improved overall survival in a phase III clinical trial in patients with high-grade conventional OS [97,[111][112][113]. These results suggest that stimulating extrinsic apoptotic pathways can enhance the cytotoxic potential of chemotherapy and are beneficial for patients suffering from OS.…”