Adding power quality monitoring into a smart kWh-meter

Power System Frequency Estimation by Using a Newton-Type Technique for Smart Meters

“…The utilities need to get advance warnings of the PQ problems, but special PQ analyzers are too expensive to be used in large numbers in the distribution grid [14]- [16]. In this case, the SMs can be used to avoid using of a large number of expensive PQ analyzers, thus reducing the cost of PQ monitoring [14]- [16]. The grid frequency is a fundamental parameter for PQ monitoring [19]- [21].…”

“…The IEEE standard 1547 defines that the frequency of a microgrid cannot differ from the grid frequency more than 0.1% during the reconnection with the grid [28], [29]. The frequency estimation by using the SMs demands sparing some of the processing power and memory at the software implementation level, because they will be installed once over their lifespan [14]- [16]. In this case, low-bandwidth sensors can be used to reduce hardware costs and spare microprocessors' memory [14]- [16].…”

“…The frequency estimation by using the SMs demands sparing some of the processing power and memory at the software implementation level, because they will be installed once over their lifespan [14]- [16]. In this case, low-bandwidth sensors can be used to reduce hardware costs and spare microprocessors' memory [14]- [16]. Consequently, computationally efficient digital signal processing (DSP) techniques are required, which will need simple hardware implementations and will contribute to the economical realization of the smart grid vision for the SMs.…”