Adding glutathione to parenteral nutrition prevents alveolar loss in newborn Guinea pig

Ascorbylperoxide Contaminating Parenteral Nutrition Is Associated With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia or Death in Extremely Preterm Infants

“…Glutathione is the most abundant nonprotein thiol defending against oxidative stress. The glutathione system is responsible of detoxifying peroxides, including AscOOH, 10 using reduced glutathione by glutathione peroxidase, resulting in the formation of disulfide glutathione and the alcohol form of the peroxide 28 . To maintain its redox potential, the cell actively exports disulfide glutathione 29 .…”

“…The second possible intervention is to increase the activity of the glutathione antioxidant system. Correcting deficient glutathione levels in guinea pigs (from 0.5 ± 0.2 to 14.2 ± 0.4 µmol/L) by adding glutathione to the PN also resulted in the correction of redox potential, a decrease in apoptosis, and a normalizing of the alveolar index 10 . Multiple studies have tested the effect of increasing cysteine or N‐acetylcysteine in the PN of preterm infants, without a significant clinical impact according to the Cochrane review 40 .…”

“…Therefore, every individual receiving PN is infused with this exogenous molecule. Once in the body, AscOOH is detoxified by glutathione peroxidase using glutathione as cofactor 10 . The low glutathione level reported in premature newborn 11 can limit detoxification of AscOOH in this population.…”

Impact of SMOFLipid on Pulmonary Alveolar Development in Newborn Guinea Pigs

“…The deleterious impact of an absence of light protection of total parenteral nutrition on alveolarization is well known in this animal model . This effect is independent of the lipid emulsion (IL) since the absence of light protection of a PN solution, including only dextrose and multivitamin, devoid of lipids, induces a similar intensity of hypo‐alveolarization .…”

4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal, Indused Nitric Oxide Synthase Statues in Hypertension Patients

“…a study by Teresa S.et al [11] recorded a significant increase in 4HNE values in hypertension patients and Juliane Cruz Campos et al 2015 observed an increase in 4HNE with hypertension and kidney disease [12]. Nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine [13]. NO is an important cellular signaling molecule.…”