The heavy metals mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are widely known of being toxicants. exposure to a variety of dangerous toxic effects has been attached in all humans.in this paper the effect of terrorist operation on thyroid gland functions in a sample of Iraqi individual (Al-karradah and Abo-Gharib) comparison with Al-jadria rejoin as (control). the correlation between sera thyroid hormones thyroxine T4, triiodothyronine T3, Thyrotropin TSH and Thyroglobulin-Ab (Tg-Ab) and the levels-of lead, cadmium, also mercury have-been measured. 75 volunteers from three Iraqi areas were included in this study. our examination proposes an inverse relationship between Hg presentation and thyroid hormones, a positive correlation between Cd exposure and thyroid hormones , but the associations with Pb was negative. there were significant positive correlations between the heavy metals themselves. In this manner, increased heavy metals exposure might be a factor in the etiology of hypothyroidism diseases and thyroid gland function. the result of this study showed that the effect of heavy metals (blood serum Hg, blood serum Pb, blood serum Cd) on thyroid hormones, and the effect of military and terrorist operations on the thyroid gland. In the end we concluded that the heavy elements resulting from the explosions and terrorist operations in the area of (Al-karadah, Abo-Gharib) high compared with the control (Al-jadria), this leads to many diseases on the health of the human body and also the effect of heavy elements on the thyroid gland and its negative effect on thyroid hormones and cause thyroid disease.

In Mammals Sirtuins (SIRTs) are members of the silent information regulator two family Sirtuin1 regulate a variety of cellular functions. It shows anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects against cellular damage.SIRT1 conserves the cells by the mitochondrial biogenesis organizing, cellular energy and oxido reduction state. Vascular tissues are protected by SIRT1 too. In diabetic patients mutation in exon1 of SIRT1 (L107P) in insulin-generating cells conducted in over production of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-α. Assessment of SIRT1 protein levels in newly diagnosed Iraqi diabetic in regards to family history Age, gender, and duration of disease, and its correlation with biochemical parameter in the same group. Measurement of iNOS, TNF-α. This study involved totally 40 volunteers. This group were subdivided (20) volunteers as newly diagnosis (DMT1) duration disease ˂1 year, group1 was subdivided to 10 male and 10 female: (10 with family history and 10 without family history) and group two healthy volunteers. Group1 All DMT1 were under insulin treatment. Healthy Volunteers (20) included in this study as control groups. None Healthy Volunteers were alcoholic, smoke, or having a history of (CVD) cardiovascular disease, thyroid disease, and hormonal abnormalities problems were exempted from this study. In the present study SIRT1, TNF-alpha, iNOS were measured by enzyme linked immune absorbent assay (ELISA). Biochemical parameters fasting glucose, body mass index (BMI), urea, creatinine and lipid profile that were measured by spectrophotometer technique in patients and healthy volunteers groups. The Statistical Analysis System-SAS (2012) program was used to effect of difference factors in study parameters. Least significant difference-LSD test (ANOVA) was used to significant compare between means. Estimate of correlation coefficient between difference parameters in this study. The results showed that a highly significant increase in levels of FBG, Urea, creatinine and lipid profile except HDL was decrease levels, BMI was decrease in newly diagnosis DMT1 with healthy volunteers groups. A significant decrease in SIRT1 protein, and a highly significant increase in TNF-alpha and iNOS in newly diagnosis DMT1 with healthy volunteers groups. A highly negative significantly correlation coefficient between SIRT1 and F.G., TG., VLDL,TG/HDL, A.I. and negative significantly correlation duration, urea, creatinine,T.CH., LDL. And non-significant correlation with age, BMI, HDL, CH/HDL and LDL/HDL.. Effect of gender were insignificant of SIRT1. Effect of family history in patients. SIRT1 were all insignificant in patients with family history as with non-family history group. SIRT1 could decreases in the sera of DMT1 patients with family history, the decreased SIRT1 level reflect a mutation in SIRT1 gene, the decreases in SIRT1 on increases the incident of DMT1 complication.

Acetyle CoA Carboxylase-1 was purified from sera of premenopausal women with breast cancer( before Mastectomy or treatment ) by Gel Filtration using Sephadex G-100 and by Ion Exchange using DEAE-Cellulose A-50, also the molecular weight was estimated by the Acrylamide Electrophoresis in the absence of denaturing elements . The result showed that a single band was obtained at 220KD by Gel Filtering while Ion Exchange showed one band at 200KD. The optimum temperature of purified Acetyle CoA Carboxylase-1 was 40 °C, optimal pH at 7.5 and the optimum substrate concentration at 1.8mM. Michaelis-Menten constant (km) was 0.37Mm and Velocity Maximum (Vmax) was 25mM.min−1 The Activation energy(Ea) was 28 KJ/mol.

Background: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a range of clonal hematological diseases with overlapping features, a specific mutation in the JAK2 gene, which encodes a tyrosine Kinase has been shown to be associated with the myeloproliferative phenotypes (PV, ET and PMF). Aim: Estimate the proportion of JAK2 V617F mutant gene and estimate the significance of antioxidant enzyme (Catalase) is mainly associated with increased oxidative stress this is resulting increase of the free oxygen radicals and relate it with suspected myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) in Iraqi patients. Materials and Methods: Total of (51) patients with suspected myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and 20 healthy individuals were analyzed for the JAK2 V617F mutation. After DNA extraction, detection of the mutation was done using (ARMS) PCR amplification, activity of Catalase was measured spectrophotometrically. Results: Of 51 patients, the JAK2 V617F mutation (V617F) was detected in 33 out of 42, with PV (81%), and four of patients with ET and PMF (40% and 50%, respectively). The prevalence of this mutation is more associated with male than female about (62%). Catalase activity was found highly significant (P< 0.01) among suspected MPN patients when compared with control group. Conclusion: JAK2 V617F mutation screening can be incorporated in the initial estimate of patients suspected of having MPNs. Catalase enzyme used a biomarker of enzymatic alteration in MPN Iraqi patients.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by the progressive and selective destruction, by autoimmune mechanisms, of pancreatic beta cells. The aim of this study was to detecting antibodies against DNA in Type 1 Diabetes mellitus DM patients with nephropathy and myocardial vascular disease complication the Study was done of 80 samples of blood and serum of woman were obtained under fasting conditions and they divided as:20 samples of patients of DM, DM with CV,