“…Based on real-time measured information, such as position, velocity and swing angle, the control input is adjusted to reduce the error between actual and referenced states. Proportional derivative (PD) control [4,6], sliding-mode control [19,31,21], fuzzy control [13,2] and adaptive control [34] have all been applied to overhead cranes in the fold of feedback strategies. Generally, feedback strategies can be divided into two types, tracking and non-tracking strategies.…”