Adaptive response of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) to low and high temperatures in experimental conditions

Abstract

Abiotic factors of the water environment are essential for the life of hydrobionts. They are determined by two main criteria – the intensity of the impact factor and the tolerance of each species. The work aims to substantiate the adaptive capabilities of this summer's koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) under the influence of low and high temperatures, to compare the coefficients and breathing rhythms of the research objects. Experimental research was carried out in the conditions of the aquarium-basin complex of the Department of Ichthyology and Zoology of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. Two aquariums with a volume of 800 dm3 were used for the experiment. Individuals of approximately the same size and weight (25–30 g) were divided into two groups. The first group of fish was kept at a temperature of 11–14 °C for 30 days, and the second group was kept at a temperature of 24–29 °C for 30 days. During the experiment, there were 20 specimens in each aquarium. This summer koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi). Feeding was carried out with Alltech Coppens Pre Grower feed – 15EF, 2.0 mm. Composition of ingredients (%) per 1 g of feed: raw protein – 50; fats – 15; fiber – 0.80; ash – 8.6; phosphorus – 1.21. In experimental conditions, changes in consumption of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) O2, the release of CO2 and NH3 (per 1 g of live weight in 1 hour) at temperatures of 11–14 °С and 24–29 °С were studied. The consumption of O2 and the release of NH3 in these summers of koi carp at low and high temperatures were compared. The change in respiration (RR) and ammonia (N/O) coefficients in “warm” and “cold” fish with increasing temperature was analyzed. The breathing rhythm and oxygen per breath at different environmental temperatures were determined. Based on the obtained data, the adaptive reactions of this year's koi carp to the influence of reduced and increased temperature indicators of the aquatic environment were determined.

Morphological variability of individual colour forms of Cyprinus carpio haematopterus of different origin

“…So, for example, the shape of the head should be symmetrical and without any deviations, the length of the fins should be average, not long and not short (Kuroki, 1990;Axelrod et al, 1996). That is, such indicators are not measured on farms during traditional credit rating (Grynevych et al, 2022;Nazari et al, 2023), and these little things distinguish an ordinary fish from an exhibition winner. Thus, the farm, having good industrial herds and carrying out simple measurements, can receive significant additional income, which can even cover the entire product revenue of the enterprise for a year.…”

“…In general, the larval period of the life of these fishes is quite well studied (Hajibeglou et al, 2022), as well as their size-age characteristics in adulthood (Nazari et al, 2023). There are a number of studies on the characteristics of survival under the influence of stress factors and diseases (Grynevych et al, 2022;Hasnidar et al, 2023).…”

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“…So, for example, the shape of the head should be symmetrical and without any deviations, the length of the fins should be average, not long and not short (Kuroki, 1990;Axelrod et al, 1996). That is, such indicators are not measured on farms during traditional credit rating (Grynevych et al, 2022;Nazari et al, 2023), and these little things distinguish an ordinary fish from an exhibition winner. Thus, the farm, having good industrial herds and carrying out simple measurements, can receive significant additional income, which can even cover the entire product revenue of the enterprise for a year.…”

“…In general, the larval period of the life of these fishes is quite well studied (Hajibeglou et al, 2022), as well as their size-age characteristics in adulthood (Nazari et al, 2023). There are a number of studies on the characteristics of survival under the influence of stress factors and diseases (Grynevych et al, 2022;Hasnidar et al, 2023).…”