Adaptive or self-optimizing control systems — A bibliography

Stromer, Peter R.

doi:10.1109/tac.1959.6429404

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…However, it must be remembered that such adjustments to the auto-loop control do not, of themselves, lead to direct control of a desirable response from the aircraft to some pilot command. ... ( 12) Substituting these in Eqn (3) ... (17) Note that these equations have the same form as Eqns (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7). Indeed, Eqns (14) and (4) …”

Section: Controlled Aircraftmentioning

confidence: 94%

A new model-reference adaptive scheme for aircraft flight control systems

Gill¹,

McLean

1979

Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control

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1. List of symbols ki = input filter gain to be adapted (s 1) Pc = pilots' command signal (°/s) Po = amplitude of p~(t) ('/s) q = pitch rate of aircraft (°/s) qm = pitch rate of model (°/s) rc = input command to auto-loop (°/s) w = vertical velocity of aircraft (m/s) x = aircraft response Z, Z 1. z2, z3, = switching functions A = gain of adaptive loop (s-') A (s) = auto-loop transfer function D(s) = denominator polynomial of A (s) DA(s) = denominator polynomial of FA (s) FA(s) = overall transfer function of actuator and aircraft dynamics GA(s) = transfer function of auto-loop controller ' Gq, Gq, G4 = gains of auto-loop (s ') KA = gain of aircraft (s-') M(s) = model transfer function Mw', My;,', Mq', MZ' = pitching motion stability derivatives N(s) = numerator polynomial of A (s) NA(S) = numerator polynomial of FA (s) P,(s), P2(s) = input filter transfer functions TA = aircraft time constant (s) Zy;,', Zq', Zz' = heave motion stability derivatives e = error between commanded and achieved responses 17 = elevator deflection (°) x = input filter inverse time constant (s-1) rc c = time constant of lagged command (s) rL = leaky integrator time constant (s) = damping ratio of auto-loop = damping ratio of uncontrolled aircraft Wi = damped natural frequency of autoloop w, = damped natural frequency of uncontrolled aircraft IntroductionSince about 1950 there has been strong interest in providing a type of control system to operate in conjunction with a dynamic process in a manner to cause the overall response of the combination to be essentially the same for every operating condition, even though a number of the parameters of the process may have changed considerably as the operating conditions changed. One method used to attain this desirable performance, in situations where the process parameters change, is to arrange to use a measure of the departure of the system response from its desired form to adjust the changed parameters back to their nominal values. Such systems are called adaptive controls. Although the earliest work was concerned with the use of an adaptive control scheme applied to an internal combustion enginel, many other schemes, concerned with how adaptive control could be applied successfully to automatic flight control systems (AFCS) for aircraft, were considered in the USA about 1958 ~ 3, 4, s. By 1959 two bibliographies6, ~ and the proceedings of a symposium concerned with such systems had already been published. A comprehensive statement of the reasons for the need for adaptive flight control was published in 19629 and, of the considerable number of papers which followed, the most relevant included a number 10,11,12 concerned with the model-reference type of system, first proposed in 19584. A comprehensive survey of the design of such modelreference systems was published in 197313 and an account of the development of such systems was printed recently 14, although the justification put forward in that paper for the use of such adaptive control on AFCS is inadequate, as will be demonstrated later in th...

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Section: Controlled Aircraftmentioning

confidence: 94%

A new model-reference adaptive scheme for aircraft flight control systems

Gill¹,

McLean

1979

Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control

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“…The implicit implication here is that a non-adaptive system would then have parameters that are fixed and not adjusted. To provide more clarity, and distinguish an adaptive system from a non-adaptive one, references [3] and [4] introduced definitions of adaptive systems; in fact, there was a profusion of definitions of adaptive systems at this time based on what was adapted, what the adaptation was in response to, time-scales of adaptation, or from whose viewpoint. It could be argued that the classes of adaptive systems outlined in [3] are precursors to the current approaches in adaptive control.…”

Section: -65 211 Deterministic and Continuous Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The starting point is an input-output representation of the plant model as in (4). Recognizing that estimation and control are duals of each other [168], a similar nonminimal representation of the plant as in (45) was used as the starting point to decouple the estimation of the state from the design of the control input.…”

Section: Adaptive Controllers With Output Feedback -A Special Casementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Historical Perspective of Adaptive Control and Learning

Annaswamy¹,

Fradkov²

2021

Preprint

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This article provides a historical perspective of the field of adaptive control over the past seven decades and its intersection with learning. A chronology of key events over this large time-span, problem statements that the field has focused on, and key solutions are presented. Fundamental results related to stability, robustness, and learning are sketched. A brief description of various applications of adaptive control reported over this period is included.

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“…Early work on adaptive control was surveyed by Aseltine et al (1958), Stromer (1959), Jacobs (1961), Landau (1974), Wittenmark (1975), Unbehauen and Schmid (1975), Parks et al (1980), and more recently by Astrom (1983), Goodwin Within the approaches to the adaptive control problem, three schemes have been recognized in a common framework: gain scheduling, model-reference control, and self-tuning control (Astrom and Wittenmark, 1989). Gain scheduling is a very useful and practical technique and has, in fact, been the predominant design method in flight control systems (Stein, 1980) and in many temperature control systems for chemical reactors (Amhren, 1977;Hoogendoorn and Shaw, 1980;MacGregor et al, 1984).…”

Section: Adaptive Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%