Adaptive optics with a magnetic deformable mirror: applications in the human eye

Abstract

A novel deformable mirror using 52 independent magnetic actuators (MIRAO 52, Imagine Eyes) is presented and characterized for ophthalmic applications. The capabilities of the device to reproduce different surfaces, in particular Zernike polynomials up to the fifth order, are investigated in detail. The study of the influence functions of the deformable mirror reveals a significant linear response with the applied voltage. The correcting device also presents a high fidelity in the generation of surfaces. The ranges of production of Zernike polynomials fully cover those typically found in the human eye, even for the cases of highly aberrated eyes. Data from keratoconic eyes are confronted with the obtained ranges, showing that the deformable mirror is able to compensate for these strong aberrations. Ocular aberration correction with polychromatic light, using a near Gaussian spectrum of 130 nm full width at half maximum centered at 800 nm, in five subjects is accomplished by simultaneously using the deformable mirror and an achromatizing lens, in order to compensate for the monochromatic and chromatic aberrations, respectively. Results from living eyes, including one exhibiting 4.66 D of myopia and a near pathologic cornea with notable high order aberrations, show a practically perfect aberration correction. Benefits and applications of simultaneous monochromatic and chromatic aberration correction are finally discussed in the context of retinal imaging and vision.

Implantable collamer lens and femtosecond laser for myopia: comparison using an adaptive optics visual simulator

“…The wavefront aberration measurements are made at 850 nm. The deformable mirror is a correcting system composed of 52 independent magnetic actuators used to either partially or totally correct the aberrations up to the 5 th order (17) (18 Zernike coefficients) and to add different values of aberrations (up to 4 th order). Control of the deformable mirror surface is accomplished by a commercially available program (HASO; Imagine Eyes), which reshapes the deformable mirror from its normally flat surface to the desired shape.…”

Calculations and Measurements of the Visual Benefit of Correcting the Higher-order Aberrations Using Adaptive Optics Technology

“…The wavefront correcting device is a deformable mirror having 52 independent magnetic actuators. The control of the deformable mirror surface is accomplished by a commercially available program (HASO © CSO, Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France) which reshapes the deformable mirror from its normally flat surface to a shape that corrects the aberrations up to the 5 th order (18 Zernike coefficients) 22 . The subject viewed the micro display (subtending a visual angle of 114 x 86 arcmin) through the adaptive optics system and through a 5.5 mm artificial pupil.…”

The Human Eye and Adaptive Optics

“…These DMs had apertures that were several centimeters in diameter requiring long optical paths to magnify the 6-7 mm pupil diameter of the human eye. Today, many systems employ microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) (Fernandez et al, 2001;Bartsch et al, 2002;Doble et al, 2002), electromagnetic (Fernandez et al, 2006) or bimorph type mirrors (Glanc et al, 2004), all of which have much smaller active apertures and a lower cost. iii.…”