“…INTRODUCTION a) Control of parabolic PDEs: Parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) are predominately used in describing fluid, thermal, and chemical dynamics, including many applications of sea ice melting and freezing [28], continuous casting of steel [20] and lithium-ion batteries [15]. These therefore give rise to related important control and estimation problems, i.e., the boundary control and state observation of parabolic PDEs in [11], [14], [6], [19], [5], [7], [8], [18] and [2], [22], [23] respectively. b) Control of parabolic PDE-ODE systems: In addition to the aforementioned works on parabolic PDEs, topics concerning parabolic PDE-ODE coupled systems are also popular, which have rich physical background such as coupled electromagnetic, coupled mechanical, and coupled chemical reactions [25].…”