Adaptive myopia. Part 1. Actuating mechanisms of optic axis growth in the incremental retinal defocus theory

Abstract

have prepared the below, which is limited to the effects of indium gallium nitride (In-Ga-N) LED lighting on humans. Recently the AMA has produced a document cautioning the public about In-Ga-N based LEDs used as sources of illumination both indoors and outdoors. These In-Ga-N LED sources generate short wavelength radiation from a solid state die. Some of that radiation is absorbed by a phosphor that, in turn, reemits long wavelength radiation. Together, the light emitted by the die and the light reemitted by the phosphor appear white to the human eye. Depending upon the relative emissions from the LED package, both the die and the phosphor, the white illumination can appear to have a "warm" tint (yellowish-white) or "cool" tint (bluish-white) or can appear neutral. This solid state lighting technology has, or soon will, displace most other commercially available light sources used for general illumination because they are more energy efficient, have longer life and are more cost effective to own and operate than most other sources of illumination. The concern expressed by the AMA in their report is focused specifically on the short-wavelength emission from these In-Ga-N LED sources as that spectral region might negatively affect, through several modes, human health. Specifically, the following modes are of interest:  Blue light hazard  Glare, both disability and discomfort  Melatonin suppression  Circadian disruption To understand the potential risk to human health through each of these modes it is first necessary to characterize the stimulus in terms of its physical properties and then second to relate those stimulus properties to specific, measureable biological outcomes.