Adaptive and Maladaptive Correlates of Repetitive Behavior and Restricted Interests in Persons with Down Syndrome and Developmentally-Matched Typical Children: A Two-Year Longitudinal Sequential Design

Evans, David W.; Kleinpeter, F. Lee; Slane, Mylissa M.; Boomer, K. B.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093951

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Furthermore, a recent study by St John et al [2016] indicated that in a sample of children subsequently diagnosed with ASD, fine and gross motor skills when children were 12 and 24 months old were associated with later executive functions, measured by a reversal learning task. Links between impairments in self-regulation and RRBs, in particular IS, in both ASD and non-ASD populations are well established [see Evans et al, 2014;Leekam et al, 2011 for comprehensive overviews]. Another explanation for the associations reported here relates to a common underlying neural basis, as overlapping brain regions including the cerebellum, fronto-striatal, and basal ganglia, in particular the caudate nucleus, have been found to subserve motor control and executive functions in non-ASD populations [Ridler et al, 2006].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between early motor milestones and severity of restricted and repetitive behaviors in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

et al. 2017

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This study explored the relationships between the later age of achievement of early motor milestones, current motor atypicalities (toe walking), and the severity of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Parents of 147 children and adolescents with ASD (M = 8.09 years, SD = 4.28; 119 males) completed an early developmental milestones questionnaire and the Social Responsiveness Scale as a measure of Insistence on Sameness (IS) and Repetitive Mannerisms (RM). Two hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to test whether RM and IS behaviors were predicted by early motor milestones, or current toe walking. The final model predicting RM accounted for 15% of the variance (F = 3.02, p = .009), with toe walking as a unique and independent predictor of RM scores (t = 3.568, p = .001). The final model predicting IS accounted for 19.1% of variance in IS scores (F = 4.045, p = .001), with chronological age (CA) (t = 2.92, p = .004), age when first standing (t = 2.09, p = .038), and toe walking (t = 2.53, p = .013) as unique independent predictors. Toe walking (t = 2.4, p = .018) and age when first sitting (t = 2.08, p = .04) predicted the severity of RRBs on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (F = 2.334, p = .036). Our study replicates previous findings on the relationship between concurrent motor impairments and RRBs, and provides the first evidence for the association between RRBs and age of attainment of early motor milestones. Autism Res 2017. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1163-1168. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between early motor milestones and severity of restricted and repetitive behaviors in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

et al. 2017

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“…For Age Group 1 at Time 1, NVIQ data were available on only 12 children (owing to non‐compliance or fatigue effects of the children), and for Age Group 1 at Time 2 NVIQ n = 17. Parents were administered a range of other measures as part of a larger study (see Evans & Gray, ; Evans, Kleinpeter, Slane, & Boomer, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental education accounts for variability in the IQs of probands with Down syndrome: A longitudinal study

Evans

Uljarević

2017

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

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Recent work has demonstrated that variability in probands' phenotypes, including physical features, cognitive abilities, social functioning, and other developmental domains, is influenced by parental traits. Here we examine the role of parental education as a factor contributing to the variability of intelligence quotient (IQ) of offspring with trisomy 21. Participants were 43 probands with trisomy 21, aged 4-21 years of age, and their parents. Data were collected on parental education, and a bi-parental mean education score (BMES) was calculated. Probands' cognitive abilities were assessed by the Stanford-Binet 4th edition at baseline (T1), and again 24 months later (T2). Probands were placed into one of two age groups: 4-12 years and 13-21 years. Results indicated higher parent-proband correlations in Age Group 2 (mean r = .47) relative to Age Group 1 (mean r = .33) and increasing parent-proband correlations across time, with mean correlations of Age Group 1, T1: r = .26, T2: 39; Age Group 2 T1: r = .49, T2: r = 46. Despite the expected IQ deficits observed in trisomy 21 probands, parental education may still contribute to the variability of probands' cognitive abilities. These findings are consistent with the literature noting increasing heritability of IQ with development.

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“…The complementary idea, namely an excess of inhibition, has been proposed to account for learning deficits in Down syndrome (Belichenko et al, 2009; Fernandez et al, 2007; Kleschevnikov et al, 2004), a disorder sharing many symptomatic components with ASD (Channell et al, 2015). For instance, DS patients also show restricted and repetitive behaviors (Evans et al, 2014), a core symptom in ASD (Leekam et al, 2011). We hypothesize that the similarity in symptoms of this developmental disorder with ASD might indicate the presence of analogous deficits in the brains of autistic patients.…”

Section: Evidence For Primary Excitatory Dysfunction In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitatory/Inhibitory Balance and Circuit Homeostasis in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Nelson

Valakh

2015

Neuron

848

785

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and related neurological disorders are associated with mutations in many genes affecting the ratio between neuronal excitation and inhibition. However, understanding the impact of these mutations on network activity is complicated by the plasticity of these networks, making it difficult in many cases to separate initial deficits from homeostatic compensation. Here we explore the contrasting evidence for primary defects in inhibition or excitation in ASDs and attempt to integrate the findings in terms of the brain’s ability to maintain functional homeostasis.

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Adaptive and Maladaptive Correlates of Repetitive Behavior and Restricted Interests in Persons with Down Syndrome and Developmentally-Matched Typical Children: A Two-Year Longitudinal Sequential Design

Cited by 28 publications

References 51 publications

Relationship between early motor milestones and severity of restricted and repetitive behaviors in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Relationship between early motor milestones and severity of restricted and repetitive behaviors in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Parental education accounts for variability in the IQs of probands with Down syndrome: A longitudinal study

Excitatory/Inhibitory Balance and Circuit Homeostasis in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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