Adapting to changes in volcanic behaviour: Formal and informal interactions for enhanced risk management at Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador

Armijos, Maria Teresa; Phillips, Jeremy C.; Wilkinson, Emily; Barclay, Jenni; Hicks, Anna; Palacios, P.; Mothes, Patricia; Stone, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.06.002

Cited by 42 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Subsequent events at Tungurahua, however, showed a marked change in the public acceptance of evacuation and in people's cognitive-behavioral relations with the volcano. Detailed analysis of the relationship between evacuations, eruptive behavior and warning and monitoring demonstrates this evolution (Armijos et al, 2017). In August 2006, six people died (Table 1) when returning to protect their assets, after evacuation on that day.…”

Section: Tungurahuamentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In August 2006, six people died (Table 1) when returning to protect their assets, after evacuation on that day. Subsequently self-evacuation and the co-creation of an adaptive management system was facilitated by the building of resettlement homes and further improvements to an informal monitoring network involving scientists and members of the community (Armijos et al, 2017).…”

Section: Tungurahuamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, in developing their knowledge, people learned that they could take action to mitigate the impacts of evacuation (and thereby reduce the pull factors for unsafe return) -including putting their animals in safe locations before leaving the area. Second, this sense of empowerment in large part depended on them having a known and secure shelter option (thereby reducing the push factors), in this case often the resettlement homes provided by the state in neighboring districts (Armijos et al, 2017).…”

Section: Role Of Knowledge and Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Livelihoods, Wellbeing and the Risk to Life During Volcanic Eruptions

et al. 2019

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A forensic analysis of fatalities and displacements from recent volcanic eruptions (1986-2015) provides insights into factors that influence actions to protect life in high-risk environments. Unlike many other geophysical hazard events, volcanic eruptions may be prolonged, and of variable intensity. This is reflected in patterns of volcanic fatalities. A global survey reveals that 63% of primary volcanic deaths occur after the first week of activity, with >44% of these deaths associated with citizens returning to an established high-hazard zone. Evacuations during volcanic eruptions are protracted and this allows time for competing pressures to arise. Examination of detailed data from three volcanic crises (La Soufriere, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Soufrière Hills, Montserrat and Tungurahua, Ecuador) suggests that the need to preserve livelihoods plays a strong role in protecting life. A dynamic, associated with pull (e.g., protecting assets, place attachment) and push factors (e.g., poor shelter conditions), can draw evacuees to return during high-risk periods. Similar considerations can restrain people with previous experience of volcanic hazards and displacement, from evacuating. Our global analysis shows that these pressures, when coupled with forecasting uncertainties and the rapid landscape change associated with volcanic eruptions, mean that the physical and social vulnerability of populations change significantly during the course of an eruption. Ongoing risk to life is shaped by hazard experience and action; timescales of hazard escalation and their relationship to warning and action; and the timescales over which evacuation conditions are tolerable to livelihood and asset preservation, and mental and physical wellbeing in shelters.

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Section: Tungurahuamentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Tungurahuamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Role Of Knowledge and Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Livelihoods, Wellbeing and the Risk to Life During Volcanic Eruptions

et al. 2019

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“…Acknowledging the importance of these networks may also require rethinking the personal skills and working routines that are incentivised within organisations (Pelling et al, 2008;Armijos et al, 2017). This may entail budgeting time explicitly within workplans to be used flexibly and adaptively as required, including for building relationships with key individuals and organisations within and outside government.…”

Section: Source: Authorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such programming can also create space for understanding and promoting informal and shadow networks to develop social relationships. Acknowledging the importance of these networks may also require rethinking the personal skills and working routines that are incentivised within organisations (Pelling et al, 2008;Armijos et al, 2017). As such, institutionalising mainstreaming requires directing attention and resources specifically to the skills and strategies of the government and other local champions to influence policy without the benefit of external technical assistance.…”

Section: Source: Authorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influencing resilience: the role of policy entrepreneurs in mainstreaming climate adaptation

Tanner

Zaman²,

Acharya

et al. 2019

Disasters

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One way to make development pathways more resilient in the face of a changing climate has been through mainstreaming adaptation into government policies, planning and sectoral decision‐making. To date, many of the transferable lessons have taken the form of technical approaches such as risk assessments and toolkits. This article instead draws on evidence from South Asia to emphasise some of the more tacit and informal approaches used to influence adaptation policy. Despite their apparent significance in policy processes, such tactics are often neither planned for nor well reported in resilience‐building projects and programme documents. Using evidence to populate a typology of influencing strategies, this article looks particularly at the role of policy entrepreneurs who navigate the political complexity of both formal and informal governance systems to promote successful adaptation mainstreaming. It concludes with recommendations for adaptation and resilience programming that can more effectively harness the breadth of influencing strategies.

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ECEAcross the Disaster Management Cycle

2020

Disaster Education, Communication and Engagement

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Adapting to changes in volcanic behaviour: Formal and informal interactions for enhanced risk management at Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador

Cited by 42 publications

References 28 publications

Livelihoods, Wellbeing and the Risk to Life During Volcanic Eruptions

Livelihoods, Wellbeing and the Risk to Life During Volcanic Eruptions

Influencing resilience: the role of policy entrepreneurs in mainstreaming climate adaptation

ECEAcross the Disaster Management Cycle

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