“…Changes in testing practices may be particularly important for students with disabilities in general education classrooms, given that testing for these students has been related to increased anxiety levels, poor academic performance, and negative self-esteem (Simons & Hepner, 1992;Swanson & Howell, 1996). Therefore, it is not surprising that testing adaptations have been suggested as a way of helping students with disabilities successfully meet the demands of classroom tests (Pace-Chappell, 1985;Wood, Miederhoff, & Ulschmid, 1989). It is, however, essential to note that the term adaptations has sometimes been used interchangeably with other terms, such as accommodations and modifications, and at other times the terms have been differentiated.…”