“…While the majority of research on accommodations has been undertaken with respect to external assessment, there are some findings based on assessment practices of classroom teachers. Surveys have found that both special education and general education teachers have limited knowledge of the range of available accommodations, and report limiting their practice to those accommodations they consider easy to use, such as reading written instructions aloud to individual students (Gajria, Salend, & Hemrick, 1994;Putnam, 1992;Siskind, 1993). Furthermore, some teachers express reluctance to make use of accommodations, citing difficulty of implementation, possible threats to the academic integrity of their assessments, and fairness to other students as reasons for such omissions (Gajria, Salend, & Hemrick, 1994;Jayanthi, Epstein, Polloway, & Bursuck, 1996;Siskind, 1993).…”