Adaptations of Plants to Flooding with Salt Water

Wainwright, S. J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-424120-6.50014-6

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Although irrigation practices have increased agricultural productivity, it is now widely recognised that it has also contributed to the increasing salinization of agricultural lands (Sinha and Singh 1976;Boyer 1982;Shannon 1997;Zapata et al 2008). For example, irrigation of crops with water of marginal quality due to competition between agriculture and demand by cities and industries for high quality of water also caused soil salinity (Wainwright 1984). The presence of even small concentration of salts in good quality irrigation water leads to salt accumulation in soils unless leached away by rain or irrigation water.…”

Section: Salt Types and Reasonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salts as Potential Environmental Pollutants, Their Types, Effects on Plants and Approaches for Their Phytoremediation

Dikilitaş

Karakaş

2010

Plant Adaptation and Phytoremediation

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Demand for food dramatically increases as the world gets populated, and this problem is of central attention all over the world. Under these circumstances, the balance between food production and consumption depends on the agricultural productivity. However, an increase in the world population and decrease in the agricultural areas due to many reasons such as industrializations, global warming, use of marginal water etc. have been forcing us to use arable lands efficiently as well as saline-prone areas. Low fertile agricultural areas or non-agricultural areas have to be included into agricultural areas if the food production is to be increased. For this reason, many breeding and amelioration strategies have been evaluated so far, however, a few of them have been found successfully in achieving the goals. Physiological, genetical and biochemical mechanisms in plants are quite complex, therefore, it is very difficult to breed a resistant or tolerant plant against stress. To date, breeding or amelioration strategies have followed one direction, either chemical or biological, they then concentrated on either soil or plant itself, have been tested on a few plants in a few local research stations, e.g., use of mycorrhiza. An amelioration strategy both on soil and plant, which could possibly increase the crop production in saline or polluted areas, enable us to improve soil conditions for a long period of time with little effort and expenses. Salt concentration in the soil could be reduced via drainage as well as using high quality water. On the other hand, economically important crop plants have been bred for their resistance to disease and non-pathogenic stress agents such as drought and salinity and some of them have been made commercially available. However, this has not solved the problem globally, especially for the many crop plants which have to be grown in moderate saline conditions, therefore, an effective alternative approach must be found. In recent years, a new method called "bioreclamation" or "phytoremediation" has been introduced in many scientific works and reports. It is one of the efficient methods to improve crop production and quality in saline areas aiming to grow halophytes as companion plants with the crop plants. In this chapter, the effect of salt on plants and plant metabolisms and their phytoremediation strategies have been evaluated so that halophytes could possibly be used as companion plants with crop plants without retarding their growth in saline areas.

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Section: Salt Types and Reasonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salts as Potential Environmental Pollutants, Their Types, Effects on Plants and Approaches for Their Phytoremediation

Dikilitaş

Karakaş

2010

Plant Adaptation and Phytoremediation

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“…Almost 20% of irrigated land has suffered from secondary salinization i.e., poor quality of irrigation and deicing salts from roads etc. (Wainwright, 1984;Flowers and Yeo, 1995;Ghassemi et al, 1995). Salinization is a key issue in agriculture of Pakistan with about quarter of the salinized irrigated land and area increasing annually due to poor irrigation and drainage system (Ahmad, 1990;Ghassemi et al, 1995;Shah, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One is reclamation of salts by improved drainage system and by the application of gypsum, which is highly expensive. Biological approach involves growing of natural halophytes with a commercial potential, or to induce salt tolerance, using conventional breeding and biotechnological methodologies to improve salinity tolerance in existing crop plants (Wainwright, 1984;Saleh and Mafton, 2008). For exploitation of biological strategy to develop salt-tolerant crop species comprehensive knowledge of mechanism(s) of salt tolerance in different species is basic requirement (Zhu, 2002;Xu et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross Tolerance Mechanisms of Osmotic and Ionic Stress Adapted Cell Lines of Rice Towards Salinity

Shah¹,

Shah²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2015

IJAB

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Present study investigated the cross tolerance mechanisms of osmotic [25% poly ethylene glycol (PEG)] and ionic (25 mM LiCl) stress tolerant cell lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Swat-1. The adapted lines showed tolerance up to six generation on stress free medium. When adapted and un-adapted cell lines were subjected to 200 mM NaCl, there was 98% reduction in relative growth rate (RGR) of un-adapted line and the adapted (PEG and LiCl) cell lines showed significantly higher tolerance. Albeit there were no qualitative differences among adapted and un-adapted cell lines under salt stress. However, responding mechanisms of adapted and un-adapted cell lines to osmotic and ionic homeostasis to tolerate NaCl stress were highly different. PEG adapted cells line appeared to acquire halophytic behavior of a salt accumulator, while LiCl adapted line performed like salt tolerant glycophyte. The tolerance strategies of adapted lines were not confined to the same type of stress but showed cross tolerance towards other abiotic stresses.

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“…In general while halophytes can complete their life cycle in saline environment, glycophytes can not. The existence of some species in saline habitats does not necessarily mean that NaCl is essential for their growth and development, although some species can not survive without NaCl (Wainwright, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides inducing a decline in growth, high concentrations of NaCl hasten the senescence of several crops (Helmy et al, 1994;Lutts et al, 1996;Munns et al, 1995;O'Leary & Prisco, 1970a;Prisco & O'Leary, 1972;Prisco, 1980;Sharma, 1996), most of them being glycophytes (Wainwright, 1984). Jackson and Drew (1984) described NaCl as one of the factors promoting leaf senescence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Chloride-Induced leaf senescence in Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam. and Foeniculum vulgare L.

Haddad

Mazzafera

1999

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Adaptations of Plants to Flooding with Salt Water

Cited by 24 publications

References 158 publications

Salts as Potential Environmental Pollutants, Their Types, Effects on Plants and Approaches for Their Phytoremediation

Salts as Potential Environmental Pollutants, Their Types, Effects on Plants and Approaches for Their Phytoremediation

Cross Tolerance Mechanisms of Osmotic and Ionic Stress Adapted Cell Lines of Rice Towards Salinity

Sodium Chloride-Induced leaf senescence in Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam. and Foeniculum vulgare L.

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