Adaptations for Wear Resistance and Damage Resilience: Micromechanics of Spider Cuticular “Tools”

Tadayon, Maryam; Younes‐Metzler, Osnat; Shelef, Yaniv; Zaslansky, Paul; Rechels, Alon; Berner, A.; Zolotoyabko, E.; Barth, Friedrich G.; Fratzl, Peter; Bar‐On, Benny; Politi, Yael

doi:10.1002/adfm.202000400

Cited by 33 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…As mentioned above, the localization of layers with specific architecture in the layered composite has a strong effect on the materials bending and twisting stiffness (figure 3). Thus, the overall microstructure of the spider claw seems to be adapted to resist bending-dominant loads, whereas the alternating plywood/parallel fibre arrangement in the cuticle of the fang may be viewed as an adaptation to resist combined bending-torsion loads [15,18]. (ii) A large bubble, captured at the water surface and held by the hairs on the opisthosoma and rear legs.…”

Section: (B) Stiff Structures With High and Low Friction: Claws And Fangsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The spider cuticle: a remarkable material toolbox for functional diversity

Politi

Bertinetti

Fratzl

et al. 2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Engineered systems are typically based on a large variety of materials differing in composition and processing to provide the desired functionality. Nature, however, has evolved materials that are used for a wide range of functional challenges with minimal compositional changes. The exoskeletal cuticle of spiders, as well as of other arthropods such as insects and crustaceans, is based on a combination of chitin, protein, water and small amounts of organic cross-linkers or minerals. Spiders use it to obtain mechanical support structures and lever systems for locomotion, protection from adverse environmental influences, tools for piercing, cutting and interlocking, auxiliary structures for the transmission and filtering of sensory information, structural colours, transparent lenses for light manipulation and more. This paper illustrates the ‘design space’ of a single type of composite with varying internal architecture and its remarkable capability to serve a diversity of functions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bio-derived and bioinspired sustainable advanced materials for emerging technologies (part 1)’.

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Section: (B) Stiff Structures With High and Low Friction: Claws And Fangsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dominant loads upon prey capture (fang) and attachment to rough surfaces (claw) are depicted in red, minor loads are depicted in blue. Reproduced with permission from ref [15]…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The spider cuticle: a remarkable material toolbox for functional diversity

Politi

Bertinetti

Fratzl

et al. 2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…Stiffening Using the indentation method, Young’s moduli and hardness of puncture devices (chelicera, claws etc.) of Cupiennius salei were recently determined (Tadayon et al 2020 ; for biomaterials: Labonte et al 2017 ). The highest moduli measured in the chelicera reached about 20 GPa and are achieved by crosslinking and zinc-supplementation.…”

Section: Evaluating the Magnitude Of Strainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring strain in the exoskeleton of spiders—virtues and caveats

2021

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The measurement of cuticular strain during locomotion using foil strain gauges provides information both on the loads of the exoskeleton bears and the adaptive value of the specific location of natural strain detectors (slit sense organs). Here, we critically review available literature. In tethered animals, by applying loads to the metatarsus tip, strain and mechanical sensitivity (S = strain/load) induced at various sites in the tibia were determined. The loci of the lyriform organs close to the tibia–metatarsus joint did not stand out by high strain. The strains induced at various sites during free locomotion can be interpreted based on S and, beyond the joint region, on beam theory. Spiders avoided laterad loading of the tibia–metatarsus joint during slow locomotion. Balancing body weight, joint flexors caused compressive strain at the posterior and dorsal tibia. While climbing upside down strain measurements indicate strong flexor activity. In future studies, a precise calculation and quantitative determination of strain at the sites of the lyriform organs will profit from more detailed data on the overall strain distribution, morphology, and material properties. The values and caveats of the strain gauge technology, the only one applicable to freely moving spiders, are discussed.

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“…Several researchers have investigated the overall indentation behavior using FEA [54][55][56][57][58][59][60]. Tadayon et al studied the hierarchical fiber architecture of spider fangs and tarsal claws to understand the mechanical properties that are adapted to their specific functional necessities [61]. A local hardness and reduced modulus of architecture was calculated by the nanoindentation technique, and FEA-predicted stress distribution was mapped to understand the hierarchical fiber architecture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of graphene oxide–silk fibroin bionanofilms via nanoindentation experiments and finite element analysis

Cho

Hwang

et al. 2021

Friction

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Understanding the mechanical properties of bionanofilms is important in terms of identifying their durability. The primary focus of this study is to examine the effect of water vapor annealed silk fibroin on the indentation modulus and hardness of graphene oxide–silk fibroin (GO–SF) bionanofilms through nanoindentation experiments and finite element analysis (FEA). The GO–SF bionanofilms were fabricated using the layer-by-layer technique. The water vapor annealing process was employed to enhance the interfacial properties between the GO and SF layers, and the mechanical properties of the GO–SF bionanofilms were found to be affected by this process. By employing water vapor annealing, the indentation modulus and hardness of the GO–SF bionanofilms can be improved. Furthermore, the FEA models of the GO–SF bionanofilms were developed to simulate the details of the mechanical behaviors of the GO–SF bionanofilms. The difference in the stress and strain distribution inside the GO–SF bionanofilms before and after annealing was analyzed. In addition, the load-displacement curves that were obtained by the developed FEA model conformed well with the results from the nanoindentation tests. In summary, this study presents the mechanism of improving the indentation modulus and hardness of the GO–SF bionanofilms through the water vapor annealing process, which is established with the FEA simulation models.

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Adaptations for Wear Resistance and Damage Resilience: Micromechanics of Spider Cuticular “Tools”

Cited by 33 publications

References 62 publications

The spider cuticle: a remarkable material toolbox for functional diversity

The spider cuticle: a remarkable material toolbox for functional diversity

Measuring strain in the exoskeleton of spiders—virtues and caveats

Mechanical properties of graphene oxide–silk fibroin bionanofilms via nanoindentation experiments and finite element analysis

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