Adaptation to the laboratory environment in <i>Drosophila subobscura</i>

Matos, Margarida; Rose, Martin; Pité, M. T. Rocha; Rego, Carla; Avelar,

doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2000.00116.x

Cited by 85 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…However, one limitation of the current study may be that colonies were kept under lab conditions for multiple generations before running experiments. Studies have shown that over many generations, some Drosophila species may adapt to laboratory conditions (Matos et al 2000) and values of life history traits may diverge from newly sampled wild populations. However, others have observed similar results for this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Tolerances of the Spotted-Wing DrosophilaDrosophila suzukii(Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Ryan¹,

Emiljanowicz²,

Wilkinson³

et al. 2016

J Econ Entomol

102

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The spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura) is an invasive species of Asian origin that is now widely distributed in North America and Europe. Because of the female's serrated ovipositor, eggs are laid in preharvest fruit, causing large economic losses in cultivated berries and stone fruit. Modeling D. suzukii population dynamics and potential distribution will require information on its thermal tolerance. Large summer populations have been found in regions with severe winter conditions, though little is known about responses to prolonged low-temperature exposure. We used controlled chambers to examine D. suzukii fecundity, development rate, and mortality across a range of temperatures encompassing the upper and lower thresholds (5-35 • C). Optimal temperatures (T opt ) were found to be 28.2 • C for the development of the egg-to-adult stage, and 22.9 • C for reproductive output. No adult eclosion occurred below 8.1 • C (T lower ) or above 30.9 • C (T upper ). We also investigated survival outcomes following prolonged (42-d) low-temperature exposure to a simulated cold winter (−5, −3, −1, 1, 3, and 5 • C). Adult survival was dependent on temperature, with a mean LT 50 of 4.9 • C. There were no effects of sex, mating status, geographic strain, and photoperiod preexposure on overwintering survival. Thirty-eight percent of females that were mated prior, but not after, prolonged low-temperature exposure produced viable offspring, suggesting that this species may undergo sperm storage. This study provides data on the thermal tolerances of D. suzukii, which can be used for models of D. suzukii population dynamics, degree-day, and distribution models.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Tolerances of the Spotted-Wing DrosophilaDrosophila suzukii(Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Ryan¹,

Emiljanowicz²,

Wilkinson³

et al. 2016

J Econ Entomol

102

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“…Moreover, there was no evidence for inbreeding effects in the transect lines that had been held in the laboratory for 10 generations. Finally, correlation patterns in the isofemale strains may have been obscured during adaptation to novel environmental conditions (Matos et al 2000) and patterns may have changed as isofemale strains adapt to laboratory conditions. It is difficult to avoid this problem, although the rankings of isofemale strains for a particular trait generally did not change much across generations.…”

Section: Trait Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of Variation in Stress Resistance in Drosophila Among Strains, Local Populations, and Geographic Regions: Patterns for Desiccation, Starvation, Cold Resistance, and Associated Traits

Hoffmann¹,

et al. 2001

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Abstract. Stress resistance traits in Drosophila often show clinal variation. Although these patterns suggest selection, there is generally no attempt to test how large differences at the geographical level are relative to levels of variation within and between local populations. Here we compare these levels in D. melanogaster from temperate Tasmania versus tropical northern Queensland by focusing on adult resistance to desiccation, cold and starvation stress, as well as associated traits (size, lipid content). For starvation and desiccation resistance, levels of variation were highest among strains from the same population, whereas there was little differentiation among local populations and a low level of differentiation at the geographic level. For adult cold resistance, there was local differentiation and strain variation but no geographic variation. For size (thorax length), geographic differentiation was higher despite some overlap among strains from the tropical and temperate locations. Finally, for lipid levels there was only evidence for variation among strains. The low level of differentiation among geographic locations for stress resistance was further verified with the characterization of isofemale strains from 18 locations along a coastal transect extending from Tasmania to northern Queensland. Crosses among some of the isofemale strains showed that results were not confounded by inbreeding effects. Strains derived from a cross between a tropical and temperate strain differed for all traits, and variation among strains for body size was higher than strain variation within the geographic regions. Unlike in previous studies, lipid content and starvation resistance were not correlated in any set of strains, but there was a correlation between cold resistance and lipid content. There was also a correlation between desiccation resistance and size but only in the geographic cross strains. These findings suggest a large amount of variation in stress resistance at the population level and inconsistent correlation patterns across experimental approaches. In Drosophila, levels of adult resistance to environmental stresses can vary among populations. In particular, desiccation resistance tends to be relatively higher in populations from temperate areas compared to tropical ones, whereas the reverse pattern is evident for starvation resistance ananassae, Zaprionus indianus).Where deviations from clinal patterns occur, these have been interpreted in terms of adaptive differentiation. Stanley and Parsons (1981) and Parsons (1980) found a relatively high level of desiccation resistance in two tropical populations of D. melanogaster contrary to clinal patterns, but these populations were exposed to extremely dry conditions in winter. In the same vein, Da Lage et al. (1990) found that D. melanogaster from a Tunisian oasis exhibited a high level of desiccation resistance, contrary to expectations based on geographic location.These findings suggest that selection directly or indirectly affects resistance traits. Ne...

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“…These components have been extensively reported in the literature for several organisms. In Drosophila, the adaptation to novel environments involving high-density conditions has been studied (Mueller et al, 1993), as well as senescence (Rose, 1984), starvation (Rose et al, 1992), temperature (Huey et al, 1991), fecundity, longevity and developmental time (Matos et al, 2000), and population divergence (Kennington et al, 2001) among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness and life-history traits of the two major mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of Drosophila subobscura

et al. 2004

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Mitochondrial DNA restriction site analyses on natural populations of Drosophila subobscura have proved the existence of two common, coexisting haplotypes (I and II), as well as a set of less frequent ones derived from them. To explain this distribution, experiments to date point practically to all possible genetic mechanisms being involved in the changes of gene frequencies (cytonuclear coadaptation, direct natural selection on mtDNA and genetic drift). In an attempt to find differences that help to understand the dynamics of these haplotypes and to detect the effect of selection, we measured certain fitness components and life-history traits (egg-larva and larva-adult viabilities and developmental times, longevity, resistance to desiccation and optimal density) of the two main haplotypes I and II when maintained in laboratory population cages. As a general trend, haplotype II showed a higher net fitness than haplotype I, which explains the superiority of haplotype II over haplotype I in experimental populations but not their coexistence in nature, where additional factors must be considered.

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Adaptation to the laboratory environment in Drosophila subobscura

Cited by 85 publications

References 78 publications

Thermal Tolerances of the Spotted-Wing DrosophilaDrosophila suzukii(Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Thermal Tolerances of the Spotted-Wing DrosophilaDrosophila suzukii(Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Levels of Variation in Stress Resistance in Drosophila Among Strains, Local Populations, and Geographic Regions: Patterns for Desiccation, Starvation, Cold Resistance, and Associated Traits

Fitness and life-history traits of the two major mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of Drosophila subobscura

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