Adaptation to salinity inHordeum jubatum L. populations studied using reciprocal transplants

Wang, X. Y.; Redmann, R. E.

doi:10.1007/bf00044888

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…There are limited data regarding the plastic reproductive strategies of clonal plants exposed to salinity stress. The clonal perennials Sporobolus virginicus and Hordeum jubatum tend to decrease sexual reproduction in higher salinity sites (Blits & Gallagher 1991;Wang & Redmann 1996), in support of the Sakai (1995) and Gardner & Mangel (1999) models. The exception demonstrated by irises in this study suggests that alternative strategies may emerge from plants with different life histories and environmental conditions (Loehle 1987;Stanton et al 2000).…”

Section:    supporting

confidence: 59%

Positive and negative consequences of salinity stress for the growth and reproduction of the clonal plant, Iris hexagona

et al. 2003

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Summary1 Salinization is a growing environmental stress in wetland ecosystems world-wide. Several models have been proposed that predict clonal plant responses to stress, including that environmental stress stimulates sexual reproduction. 2 We conducted a common-garden experiment to investigate the effects of salinity on 10 natural populations of Iris hexagona , a clonal perennial endemic to freshwater and brackish wetlands of the North American Gulf Coast. 3 Salinity reduced vegetative growth but either increased or had neutral effects on sexual reproduction, consistent with the clonal stress hypothesis. Salinity of 4 µ g g − 1 more than doubled the number of seeds produced compared with freshwater controls, but flower number and seed mass were unaffected. 4 Salinity reduced total below-ground mass by nearly 50% compared with controls, with no significant change in rhizome numbers. 5 Plants from 10 randomly selected I. hexagona populations differed dramatically in growth and reproduction, independent of salinity. Total biomass that accumulated over the 20-month experiment ranged across all treatments from 52 to 892 g, and flower numbers varied from 2.3 to 11.3 per replicate. 6 Populations did not respond differently to salinity, except with respect to above-: below-ground ratios, thus providing no conclusive evidence for local adaptation to salinity stress. 7 Our results concur with published models of plant reproductive strategies in variable environments, in that environmental stress stimulated sexual reproduction at the expense of growth. However, these models do not predict the observed sharp decline in seed production at near lethal salinity levels.

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Section:    supporting

confidence: 59%

Positive and negative consequences of salinity stress for the growth and reproduction of the clonal plant, Iris hexagona

et al. 2003

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“…Investigators have noted that the effects of airborne salt depend on species and population, ranging from increases in mortality and leaf damage and/or decreases in growth, to relatively little or no effect in species (or populations) that exhibit some level of salt ''tolerance'' (Oosting and Billings, 1942;Oosting, 1945;Cartica and Quinn, 1980;Barbour, De Jong, and Pavlik, 1985;Sykes and Wilson, 1988;Greipsson, Ahokas, and Vähämiko, 1997). Obviously, care must be taken to distinguish tolerance to airborne salt from that of soil salinity (e.g., Rozema et al, 1985;Greipsson and Davy, 1996;Hester, Mendelssohn, and McKee, 1996;Wang and Redmann, 1996). In contrast to plants of salt marshes, dune species are not plants of saline habitats and tolerance to salt exposure depends primarily on the prevention of salt accumulation in the shoot (Boyce, 1954;Crawford, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of saltwater spray andsand deposition on the coastal annualTriplasis purpurea (Poaceae)

Cheplick

Demetri

1999

American J of Botany

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Pioneer coastal plants occur in areas where sand movement and airborne salt are common. The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify natural levels of salt and sand deposition in relation to distance from the shoreline of Staten Island, New York, and (2) experimentally determine the impact of saltwater sprays and partial sand burial on growth and reproduction of the native dunegrass Triplasis purpurea. This summer annual matures most seeds in cleistogamous spikelets on leaf sheath-enclosed axillary panicles along culm internodes. Levels of salt deposition onto T. purpurea shoots over 6 d were determined with a conductivity meter to be 175 μg/cm(2) at 39 m from shore in 1997, but declined rapidly with increasing distances to 90 m. Sand deposition over 1 mo in the summer averaged 30 mm at 72-90 m from shore. In a greenhouse factorial experiment, seedlings were unburied, buried to 50% height, or buried to 75% height and simultaneously subjected to no sprays, two sprays/wk, or six sprays/wk of seawater over the summer. Sand deposition increased plant size and seed production, but seawater sprays were mostly detrimental, reducing plant size, seed production, and seed mass. However, T. purpurea tolerated moderate levels of salt deposition. The stimulation of growth and reproduction in partially buried plants is adaptive on the sandy soils. Prolific seed production and tolerance to moderate levels of airborne salt allow this annual to maintain high population densities close to shore.

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“…This is unfortunate because such variation in optimal germination time would be important to consider for an understanding of (a) the relative performance of different genotypes in natural populations and (b) the relative importance of differences in environmental conditions and in genetic composition for among‐population variation in phenotypic selection on germination timing. Information about optimal timing of germination could also be important when interpreting the results of common‐garden and reciprocal transplant experiments where germination of different genotypes is typically synchronized and seedlings planted on a given day (e.g., Antonovics and Primack, 1982; Schmid, 1985; Wang and Redmann, 1996; Fournier‐Level et al, 2011; Ågren et al, 2013; Ferris and Willis, 2018; Wadgymar et al, 2018; Lowry et al, 2019). If optimal germination time varies among genotypes, planting date should affect their relative fitness.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Strong stabilizing selection on timing of germination in a Mediterranean population of Arabidopsis thaliana

Zacchello

Vinyeta

Ågren

2020

American J of Botany

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Timing of germination can strongly influence plant fitness by affecting seedling survival and by having cascading effects on later life-history traits. In seasonal environments, the period favorable for seedling establishment and growth is limited, and timing of germination is likely to be under stabilizing selection because of conflicting selection through survival and fecundity. Moreover, optimal germination time may vary among genotypes because of inherent differences in later life-history traits. METHODS: To examine how germination time affects survival, fecundity, and the relative fitness of two genotypes differing in time to first flower, we conducted a field experiment in an Italian population of the winter annual Arabidopsis thaliana, in which seedling establishment occurs mainly in November. We transplanted seedlings of the local genotype and of a Swedish genotype monthly from August to December and monitored survival and fecundity. RESULTS: Only seedlings transplanted in November and December survived until reproduction, and fitness of the November cohort was 35 times higher than that of the December cohort, indicating strong stabilizing selection on timing of germination. There was no evidence of conflicting selection: seedling survival, adult survival, and fecundity were all highest in the November cohort. Moreover, the relative fitness of the two genotypes did not differ significantly between cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: The very narrow window of opportunity for seedling establishment was related to rapid seasonal changes in soil moisture and temperature, suggesting that rate of seasonal change is an important aspect to consider for understanding spatiotemporal variation in selection on phenological traits.

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Adaptation to salinity inHordeum jubatum L. populations studied using reciprocal transplants

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Positive and negative consequences of salinity stress for the growth and reproduction of the clonal plant, Iris hexagona

Positive and negative consequences of salinity stress for the growth and reproduction of the clonal plant, Iris hexagona

Impact of saltwater spray andsand deposition on the coastal annualTriplasis purpurea (Poaceae)

Strong stabilizing selection on timing of germination in a Mediterranean population of Arabidopsis thaliana

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